科技论文写作2.ppt

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引言 目的是向读者交代本研究的来龙去脉,其作用在于唤起读者的注意,使读者对论文先有一个总体的了解。 引言包含的内容: 研究的理由、目的和背景 理论依据、实验基础和研究方法 预期的结果及其地位、作用和意义 Introduction The introduction defines the subject of the report. It must outline the scientific purpose(s) or objective(s) for the research performed and give the reader sufficient background to understand the rest of the report. Care should be taken to limit the background to whatever is pertinent to the experiment Introduction Why was this study performed? observations and literature What knowledge already exists about this subject? confirmations,conflicts,and gaps What is the specific purpose of the study? hypotheses and experimental design Introduction It is the width and shape of the boxes that is important The structure is governed by the Results box Introduction begins much ‘broader’: making firm contact with the selected audience, at the logical contact point Between start and end of Intro, background info. and previous work are woven together to justify the study Introduction ends with the aim of the present study Introduction : the five ‘stages’ 1. General statements about the field of research to provide the reader with a setting or context for the problem to be reported and claim its centrality 2. More specific statements about the aspects of the problem already studied by other researchers, laying a foundation of information already known 3. Statements that indicate the need for more investigation to create a gap or research niche for the present study 4. Very specific statements giving the purpose or objective of the author’s study 5. Optional statement(s) that give a value or justification for carrying out the study Spatial Distribution of Litter and Microarthropods in a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem 1In most deserts of the world, transitions between topographic elements are abrupt and watercourses which are dry most of the time tend to dissipate their occasional waters within local basins. 2Occasional torrential rainfal

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