资源“和谐”匹配是农户生产效率的源泉.doc

资源“和谐”匹配是农户生产效率的源泉 ——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析 何 军 香 （浙江师范大学行知学院，浙江金华 321004） 摘 要：本文运用经典的DEA方法测度各区域的农户生产效率，探索农户效率提高的源泉。运用PANEL DATA模型寻找显著影响农户效率的主要因素，并分析要素贡献，分析区域差异产生的原因和机制。发现两条规律：农村社会资源的改善与农户生产效率提高之间并不存在必然性；并非农户生产要素的质量提升必然导致农户生产效率的提高。资源“和谐”匹配是农户效率提升的源泉。生产要素对农户效率的影响存在区域差异，并非增加农村社会资源投入就一定能改善农户生产效率。只有当农村社会资源与自然环境资源匹配时，才能最大限度地发挥对农户生产效率的促进作用；盲目地提高机械化耕作程度、滥用化肥以及过度规模化往往会过犹不及。 关键词：农户 生产效率 生产要素 资源匹配 区域差异 Harmoniously Match in Resources Is the Resource of Farmers’ Productivity ------- Based on the analysis of provincial data of China The DEA method is used to measure the farming efficiency of various regions, and to look for the reasons attributing to the farming efficiency enhancement. Then the PANEL DATA Model is used to look for the key factors which influence the farming efficiency, to analyze how the factors work and analyze the reasons and mechanism which account for the regional differences. Then, we can find two rules. First, there exists no necessity between the improvement of rural resources and farming efficiency enhancement. Second the quality improvement of farming factors may not lead to the farming efficiency enhancement. The harmoniously matching of resources is the key factor to improve the farming efficiency. Otherwise, how the farming factors influence the farming efficiency differs from region to region, more investment of rural resources don’t amount to the farming efficiency improvement. Only when rural resources are matched with natural resources, the improvement of farming efficiency can be extended to the greatest extent. Blindly raising the degree of farming mechanization, overusing the artificial fertilization and too large farming size may not lead to expected result. Key words: Farmer, Farming Efficiency, Farming Factors, Resources Match, Regional Differences.一、引言 农户生产效率受诸多生产要素影响，社会资源与自然环境资源需要合理匹配才能最大程度地提高农户生产力。农户是农村最基本的生产单位，农户的收入问题是解决“三农”问题之根本所在；农户的收入取决于农户生产效率，生产要素的合理匹配并有机融合是农户生产效率提高的源泉；针对农业生产特性，寻找显著影响农户效率的生产要素及其