第四章 确定词义，表达得体.ppt

第四章 确定词义，表达得体 Diction (选词用字)—the choice and use of words (措词), the choice of style and manner of speaking and writing(风格,笔调). 1. A Brief Comparison and Contrast between English and Chinese at Word Level 1). Word-for-word Correspondence (词字对等) computational linguistics: 计算机语言学 typhoon: 台风 太平洋—the Pacific Ocean 微型汽车(面包车)— 2). One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning (多词同义) marriage—娶，嫁 gun—枪，炮 人—human being, man, people, person… 小—small, little, tiny 3). One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings (一词多义) soft: (soft record, soft drug, soft intelligence) 软的… 笑—smile, laugh, giggle, chuckle, sneer, grin… 机—machine, engine, plane, aircraft 羊—sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb 4). Equivalents Interwoven with One Another (同义交织) 说，谈，讲—say, tell, speak, talk 5). Words without Equivalents (无对等词语) 妯娌，连襟, beddo, teenager 第一节 确定词义 1). Know a word by its part of speech and its function in a sentence before choosing its adequate meaning (按照词类确定词义) (1) right a). It is not right for children to sit up late. b). The plane was right above our heads. c). In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. d). She tried to right her husband from the charge of theft (2) 头 a). 她正在梳头。 She is combing her hair. b). 他们是一头的。 They are on the same side. c). 这还是我头一次来杭州呢。 This is the first time He has been in Hangzhou. d). 他们有三十头牛。 They have thirty head of cattle. 2). Refer to the context before choosing suitable meaning (联系上下文选用词义) “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” (1). figure a). The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures. b). Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning. c). On the desk there was a bronze figure of Shakespeare. d). He saw dim figures moving towards him. e). Mary was good at figure skating. (2). 情况 a)、在这种情况下 under such c