OIE《陆生动物诊断试验和疫苗手册》非洲猪瘟 2018版2.8.1章只用条款1.4..pdf

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, caused by a virus that produces a range of syndromes. Acute disease is characterised by high fever, haemorrhages in the reticuloendothelial system, and a high mortality rate. Soft ticks of the Ornithodoros genus, especially O. moubata and O. erraticus, have been shown to be both reservoirs and transmission vectors of ASF virus (ASFV). ASFV is the only member of the Asfarviridae family, genus Asfivirus. Laboratory diagnostic procedures for ASF fall into two groups: the first contains the tests for virus isolation and the detection of virus antigens and genomic DNA, while the second contains the tests for antibody detection. The selection of the tests to be carried out depends on the disease situation and laboratory diagnostic capacity in the area or country. Identification of the agent: Laboratory diagnosis must be directed towards isolation of the virus by simultaneously carrying out the inoculation of pig leukocyte or bone marrow cultures, the detection of antigen in smears or cryostat sections of tissues by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and the detection of genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR is an excellent, highly sensitive, and rapid technique for ASFV detection and it is very useful under a wide range of circumstances. It is especially useful if the tissues are unsuitable for virus isolation and antigen detection. In doubtful cases, the material is passaged in leukocytes cell cultures and the procedures described above are repeated. Serological tests: Pigs that survive natural infection us