江州刺史与东晋门阀政治.pdf

摘 要 东晋一朝，外部一直面临北方少数族南下侵扰之苦，内部门阀士族、皇权相 互之间还围绕着中央权力进行长期的争斗，一些在内外争衡中直接发挥作用的州 镇，由此成为东晋掌权者努力控制或积极争取的对象。处于长江中下游联结区域 的江州因其特殊的地理位置，不但担负着抵御少数族南下的重要责任，更在围绕 东晋中央权力争斗的“荆扬之争”中发挥巨大作用。江州刺史作为江州行政长官， 依法享有对江州的治理权，能够调用江州的物资资源，能够充分发挥江州的战略 地位，或为皇权强化服务，或为家族势力牟利，因而门阀士族、皇权对江州刺史 职位展开长期的争斗。争斗的发生，促使江州刺史任职者的选择条件极为严苛， 轻易不授予他人，以保证江州刺史在任期间的各项举措，有利自身实力的扩张。 江州刺史与东晋皇权、门阀士族等势力紧密联系，“王与马，共天下”政治格局 的形成与江州刺史有着极大的关联。江州刺史职位的争夺与颍川庾氏家族兴衰相 始终。谯国龙亢桓氏家族长期掌握江州刺史最终成长为掌权士族，乃至桓玄崛起、 篡位，江州刺史也在其中发挥了巨大的影响。刘裕利用江州刺史帮助自身在朝堂 崛起，并将其转化为建立刘宋皇权的巨大推力。江州刺史在皇权的强盛衰落，中 央权力的交接，维持“王与马，共天下”的政治格局之中，发挥着不同寻常的作 用。 关键词：东晋；江州刺史；皇权；门阀士族 I Astract Throughout the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has been facing the north minority invasion,At the same time, in its interior,the emperor and the gentry had a long struggle for supreme power. Some prefectural governors who hold the local power became the object which the rulers of the central government try to win over. Because of its special geographical location, Jiangzhou, which is located in the connecting area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, not only shoulders the important responsibility of resisting minorities going south, but also plays a huge role in the scramble between Jingzhou and Yangzhou surrounding the central power struggle in Eastern Jin.Jiangzhou Cishi, as the chief executive of Jiangzhou, in accordance with the law to enjoy the right to governance of Jiangzhou, can call Jiangzhous material resources, can give full play to Jiangzhous strategic position, or strengthen the service for the imperial power, or for the family power to profit, so