英语句子成分与基本结构详解.ppt

英语句子成分及基本结构  (一)句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子 成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分有主语和谓语; 次要成分有表语丶宾语、定语丶状语、补足 语和同位语  (二)句子的具体成分 主语( subject):主语是一个句子所叙迹的 主体,一般位于句首  1 The room is very clean. (名词) 2 We often speak English (代词) 3 Eight is my lucky number.(数词) 4 To teach them English is my job. =Its my job to teach them English (不定式) 5 Swimming is good for our health.(EJ 名词)  谓语( predicate) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后°谓语的 构成如下 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成°如 He practices running every morning 2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成°如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He can speak English.  表语( predicative) 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样, 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, turn,look, sound,seem等)之后。  1 I am a teacher..(名词) 2 I am ten.(数词) 3 He became rich and successful. E 容词) 4 Everyone is here.(副词) 5 They are at home now.(介词短语) 6 My job is to teach them English. (不定式)  宾语( object) 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及 物动词后面 1 He is playing the piano.(名词) 2 He often helps me.(代词) 3 He likes to watch Tv 4 He likes watching Tv.  宾语补足 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整 的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+ 宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达 对的意思相当于一个句子的意思  1 We called him Dongming.(名词) 2 We saw him playing soccer.(现在 分词) 3 We saw him play soccer.(不定式) 4 We found math difficult.(形容词) 5 Mom makes me studying all day. (现在分词)