变频调速电梯系统设计.docx

摘要 电梯是一种用于电力拖动的特殊升降设备，是现代城市生活中必不可少且应 用最广泛的垂直交通运输工具。随着社会的不断发展，电梯从手柄开关操纵电梯、 按钮控制电梯发展到了现在的群控电梯，为高层运输做出了不可磨灭的贡献。 随着电力电子技术和计算机控制技术的飞速发展，交流变频调速技术的发展 十分迅速。变频调速电梯使用了先进的PWM 技术，明显改善了电梯运行质量和性 能；调速范围广、控制精度高、动态性能好，舒适、安静、快捷，几乎可与直流 电机相互媲美。同时也明显改善了电动机供电电源的质量，减少了谐波，提高了 效率和功率因数，节能显著。 本设计在采用PLC 和变频器相互结合而实现电梯常规控制的基础上，通过对 变频器和PLC 芯片的合理选择和设计，大大提高了电梯的控制水平，并改善了电 梯运行的舒适感，使电梯达到了较为理想的控制和运行效果。 关键词： 电梯， PWM 控制，变频调速 ABSTRACT Summary elevator is a special electric traction equipment, is indispensable in modern urban life, and the most widely used vertical transportation. As society develops, elevator from the handle switch elevators, buttons control the elevator to the current group of Elevator, for senior transportation present. With power electronics and computer control technology and the rapid development, AC inverter technology development very rapidly. Variable speed elevator use advanced PWM, significantly improve the quality and performance elevator; speed range widely, control, precision, dynamic performance, comfortable, quiet, fast, almost comparable to the DC motor. At the same time significantly improved motor power quality, reduced harmonic, which improves the efficiency and power factor, energy-saving significantly. This design in use PLC and inverter elevator on the basis of conventional control, through the inverter and PLC chip design, selection and greatly improves the elevator control levels, and improves the comfort, Elevator makes elevator reaches more ideal control and operating results. Keywords: elevator,PWM, frequency 目 录 摘要 1 ABSTRACT 2 1 引言 1 2 概 述 2 2.1 电梯的概述 2 2.1.1 电梯的概念 2 2.1.2 电梯的分类 2 2.1.3 电梯的工作原理 3 2.2 电梯的基本结构 4 2.2.1 曳引系统 5 2.2.2 导向系统 5 2.2.3 门系统 5 2.2.4 轿 厢 5 2.2.5 重量平衡系统 6 2.2.6 电力拖动系统 6 2.2.7 电气控制系统 6 2.2.8 安全保护系统 6 3 电梯电力拖动控制系统 7 3.1 变频调速电梯系统运行原理 7 3.2 变频器 8 3.2.1 变频调速原理 8 3.2.2 变频器组成、工作原理及其分类 8 3.2.3 变频器机型选择