2005 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语二) .pdf

2005 Text 1 （英语⼆）道德猴⼦ Everybody loves a fat pay rise. ⼈⼈都喜欢⼤幅加薪。 Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. 但是当你知道同事的涨薪⽐⾃⼰多时，那么加薪的喜悦感就消失得⽆影⽆踪了。 Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. 如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚⾄会变得怒不可遏。 Such behaviour is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. 这种⾏为被看作是 “⼈之常情” ，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此⾼度发达的不公平意识。 But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. 但是由佐治亚州亚特兰⼤埃⾥莫⼤学的 Sarah Brosnan 和 Frans de Waal 进⾏的⼀项研究表明，它也 是“猴之常情” 。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《⾃然》杂志上。 The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. 研究者们对雌性棕⾊卷尾猴的⾏为进⾏了研究。 They look cute. 它们看起来很可爱。 They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. 它们性格温顺，合作，乐于分享⻝物。 Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males. 最要的是，就象⼥⼈们⼀样 ，它们往往⽐雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值 。 Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. 这些特性使它们成为 Brosnan 和 de Waal 博⼠的理想研究对象。 The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. 研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴⼦⽤代币换取⻝物。 Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. 正常情况下，猴⼦很愿意⽤⼏块⽯头换⼏⽚⻩⽠。 However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. 但是，当两个猴⼦被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间⾥，能够互相看⻅对⽅⽤⽯头换回来什么东⻄时，猴 ⼦的⾏为就会变的明显不同。 In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) . 在卷尾猴的世界⾥，葡萄是奢侈品（⽐⻩⽠受欢迎得多）。 So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the