考研英语真题典型长难句解析结构分析附译文全.docxVIP

考研英语真题典型长难句解析结构分析附译文 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. 词汇突破: distinguish [d??st??ɡw??] vt. 区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出 vi. 区别，区分；辨别 tuition [tju???(?)n] n. 学费；讲授 结构分析: 本句的主干结构为 We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education。within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 是插入语，作整个句子的状语，其中的 which 引导的是定语从句，修饰 the broad educational process。破折号后面的部分是 a more formal kind of education 的同位语。 参考译文: 因此，在我们迄今为止所考虑的广泛的教育过程中，我们要区分一种更正式的教育——直接教育或学校教育。 Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 词汇突破: by-product [?ba? pr?d?kt] n. 副产品；附带产生的结果；意外收获 directive [d??rekt?v; da??rekt?v] n. 指示；指令 adj. 指导的；管理的 结构分析: 本句是由 and 连接的两个简单句，这两个分句均是以 Only 开头的倒装句，and 表示并列。在第一个句子中，主干部分为 the by-product of the institution was noted，其中 only gradually 是副词，修饰 noted。在第二个句子中，主干部分为 this effect was considered，其中 only more gradually 修饰 considered，as a directive factor 是主语 this effect 的补足语，in the conduct of the institution 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 directive factor。 参考译文: 人们只是逐渐地注意到一种制度的副产品，而把这种影响视为一种制度的执行的指导因素，则是更加缓慢的过程。 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 词汇突破: motive [?m??t?v] n.动机，目的，主题 adj. 发动的；成为动机的 vt. 使产生动机，激起 motiveless [?m??t?vl?s] adj. 无动机的 结构分析: 前句主干是 It may be said。It 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，为真正的主语；of any social institution 是 worth 的后置定语，in enlarging and improving experience 是 its effect 的后置定语，but 连接表转折关系的并列句。 参考译文: 可以说，衡量任何社会制度价值的标准是它在扩大和改善经验方面的效果，但这种效果并不是它最初动机的一部分。 orward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. 词汇突破: coincide [?k???n?sa?d] vi. 一致，符合；同时发生 vi. (在性格、品质等方面)完全一致，相符 结构分析: 本句主干是 Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory。句首的 Coinciding with... in the 1