人胚胎早期发生.ppt

Generalembryology(I);1.LangmansMedicalEmbryologywithSimbryoCD-ROM,LippincottWilliamsWilkinsPublishers9thEdition

2.高英茂主编，《组织胚胎学》，全国八年制教材，人民卫生出版社，2006

3.邹仲之，李继承主编，组织学与胚胎学，人民卫生出版社，2008

4.组胚精品课程网站：;OBJECTIVES

;asciencewhichstudytheprocessesandregulationsofdevelopmentofhumanfetus.(from1cell(zygote合子)to(5-7)x1012cells)

total38weeks:

preembryonicperiod〔胚前期〕:before2weeks;embryonicperiod〔胚期〕:3-8weeks;Fertilization〔受精〕;conditions:

1)?maturationofoocyte

2)??maturationofspermatozoa

;3)??capacitation〔获能〕andacrosomereaction〔顶体反响〕ofspermatozoa

capacitationfactor:secretedbyepi.cellsofoviduct,capacity

ofreleasingacrosomeenzymes

4)??qualityandquantityofspermatozoa:

2-6ml,100,000,000/ml,

1.5ml;or10,000,000;abnormalsperm30%;or

capacityformobile70%

5)?meetingofspermandovumwithin24hrs;Processesoffertilization:

PhaseI

Penetrationofthecoronaradiata〔放射冠〕,acrosomalrelease

PhaseII

Penetrationofthezonapellucide〔透明带〕

ZPwithreceptors–zonapellucidaspongy–thereleaseoflocalenzymes

PhaseIII

Entrance,formationofzygote;Entry–response

Corticalorzonareactions-Compaction-impermeabletomoresperm

Oocytefinishes2ndmeioticdivision

Metabolicactivationoftheegg

Resultsoffertilization

Diploid

Geneticsex

Cleavage;Cleavage〔卵裂〕

Mitosis

Twocellstage(30h)

Morula〔桑椹胚〕(72h)

innercellmass

embryoblast

outercellrim

trophoblasts

Blastocyst〔胚泡〕(5d)

Blastocoele

Thecellsofmorulasecretefluid

Zonapellucidedisappears;Blastocyst〔胚泡〕;Puberty–menstruation(28days)

Hormonalregulation

GnRH

FSH

LH

Granulosa/thecacells

Estrogens

Progesterones

Theendometriumoftheuterusis

inthesecretoryphase;Implantation〔植入〕

-Passagethroughtheuterinetube

Day5–Day11Uterus

Orientationofimplantation

Location-antorpost,fundus

Trophoblastsoverlyingtheembryoblastpoleattachtotheendometriumandbegintoinvade.;Process