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Geoffreychaucer–thefatherofEnglishpoetryandoneofthegreatestnarrativepoets
ofEngland.
文艺复兴(renaissance)
1.Background
a.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofbreakingupoffeudalrelations
andtheestablishingofthefoundationsofthecapitalism.
b.Theenclosureofcommonsdrovethousandsofpeasantsofftheirlandsand
manyofthemsettledintown.
th
c.Atthebeginningofthe16century,absolutemonarchywasformedin
England.d.Renaissancearemarkedbythedevelopmentofartsandscience.a
flourishingofnaturalculture
2.Importantfigures
a.Humanists(人文主义者)
Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiasticalknowledge,butinman,his
environmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipationoftheman
fromthetyrannyofthechurchandreligiousdogmas.Thomas
more(Utopia)
b.ThefirstmantointroducethesonnettoEnglishliteratureThomasWyatt
Sonnet:invariably14lines(always14lines,nomorenoless)usuallyiniambic
pentameter
c.ThegreatEnglishscientistandphilosopherFrancisBaconwrotehisfamous
philosophicalandliteraryworks.
d.ThegreatestepicpoemofthetimeTheFairyQueenSpenser
e.Varioustypesofnovelweredevelopedinthe16thcentury
f.ThepioneersofdramawasMarlowe|reformthatgenre,perfectedthe
languageandverseofdramaticworks,hemadeblankverse.
3.WilliamShakespeare
Oneofthefirstfoundersofrealism;amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhuman
charactersandrelations.Hehas37plays(10histories,14tragedies,10comedies,
3tragic-comedies)2narrativepoemsand154sonnets.
4.FrancisBacon
Popedescribedhimasthe―wisest,brightest,meanestofmankind‖
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