-语法精讲(Unit--The-United-States-of-America)大纲人教版第二册.doc

语法精讲非谓语动词非谓语动词被动语态的意义

1.不定式

(1)表示被动的意义

Thepartyistobeheldnextweek

Hewantedtobesenttothehardarea.

(2)有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该〞“值的〞的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，如：nice,easy,hard,difficult,fit,suitable,good,

heavy,comfortable,cheap等。

Theboxisnotstrongenoughtostandthis.

It’stoosmalltosee.

Thereisalotofjobstodo.

Thehouseistoletatlowrent.

Iamnottoblame.

Housesarestilltoseek.

Muchremainstodo.

Thepassageishardtolearn.

2.动名词

(1)表示被动的意义

Heinsistedonbeingsenttothehardarea.

(2)在动词need,require等的主动语态和形容词worth后，表示被动的意义

Mywatchneedsrepairing.

Thebookisworthreading.

3.分词

(1)现在分词表示被动的意义

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisaschool.

Nothavingbeentold,hedidn’tknowwheretostart.

(2)过去分词表示被动的意义

Heated,themetalexpands.

考题再现

【考例1】(2022上海春季高考，39)InthedreamPetersawhimself______byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.

A.chasedB.tobechased

C.bechasedD.havingbeenchased

解析:himself作chase的逻辑宾语，所以要用动词ed形式作宾补。

答案:A

【考例2】〔经典回放〕Thefluisbelieved_______byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.

A.causingB.beingcaused

C.tobecausedD.tohavecaused

解析:bebelievedtodosth.据信做某事。根据后面by判断用不定式的被动式。

答案:C

【考例3】〔经典回放〕Tonywasveryunhappyfor______totheparty.

A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvited

C.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited

解析:invite与Tony构成动宾关系，要用动名词的被动结构。not要放在非谓语动词的前面。

答案:D

【考例4】(2022上海高考，33)_______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.

A.PutB.Putting

C.HavingputD.Beingput

解析：thehotline是put的动作被执行者，所以要用动词ed形式作状语，表示被动。

答案：A