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美国文学选读复习资料
浪漫主义
AmericanRomanticism
TheRomanticPeriodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.It
isaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.
ThesocialandculturalbackgroundofRomanticism
TheyoungRepublicwasflourishingintoapolitically,economicallyandculturallyindependentcountry.
TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthe
nativelands.
Thedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionof
Americanliterature.
TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues.
爱默生
Emerson=ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism超验主义
HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen牧师【pastor】.
AmericanTranscendentalism
Asaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas
“AmericanRenaissance”)flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.Itisthehigh
tideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonand
Thoreau.Transcendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismof
Americansociety.
Transcendentalism超验主义(+H.D.Thoreau;NathanielHawthorne;)
ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:
①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingin
theuniverse.思想超灵宇宙
②TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,theindividualisthe
mostimportantelementofSociety.个体+社会
③TheTranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.
Naturewasnotpurelymatter.Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.自然+上帝
Emerson’s代表作:Nature;Self-Reliance;TheAmericanScholar;TheOver-soul;
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