英语定语从句小结.docx

英语定语从句小结

定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，所以叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

关系代词：that，which，who（whom），whose，在句子中充当主语，宾语（无what）

先行词是人的时候：that，who，whom。一般来说，who既可以充当主语，也可以充当宾语，但是whom只能充当宾语。一般多用whom充当宾语。例句：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（作宾语）

Whose：用来指人或物。例句：

I helped the man whose car broke down.I want the book whose cover is red.

先行词是物的时候：which，that。一般情况下，两者可互换。例句：

I saw a accident which/that happened on the street.(作主语）I like the bag which/that you gave me yesterday.（作宾语）

关系副词：why，where，when，在句子中充当原因，地点，时间。一般来说可以跟 介词

+which 互换，介词视情况而定。

Zhejiang is the place where (in which) I was born.May 1st is the day when（on which）I was born.

This is the reason why（for which）I was late for school.

判断方式：关系代词or关系副词。观察从句中缺什么，如果缺主语或宾语，那么首先就得知使用关系代词，指人用who/that，指物用which/that。如果从句中主谓宾齐全，那么就要使用关系副词，至于用哪一个，根据句子的语意而定。

判断正误：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.

Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.

特殊情况：

先行词为everything，nothing，something，all，little，much,few,no等不定代词时

This is everything that I can tell you.

先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时This is the only story that I know.

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best story that I have ever heard.4.先行词有人又有物时

They talked about persons and dogs that they liked.5.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时

Who is the man that is standing there?6.there be 句型中，一般使用that

当先行词为those，anyone，someone时，一般用who而不用thatWe will help those who are poor.

当介词前置的时候，用which而不用that

I will never forget the day on which I was born.

省略情况：一般来说，关系副词是不可以省略的，而关系代词如who，which，that在作主语时不可以省略，在作宾语时可以省略。所以，分析句子的结构是很重要的。

限制性定语从句：对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，不能被省略。例句：

We reached there the day when he left.

非限制性定语从句：可以被省略，缺少并不会影响全句的理解，句子中往往有逗号。这也是两者之间最大的区别。例句：

The house，which I bought last year，is very beautiful.

定语从句中谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。

I like the book which/that is very interesting.I like books which/that are very interesting.特殊先