定语从句的用法总结.docx

定语从句的用法总结

SummaryoftheUsageofRelativeClauses

Cheatingisanactofdishonestythatcanleadtoseriousconsequences.

Thebasicstructureofarelativeclauseis:antecedent+relativepronounorrelativeadverb+theclauseitself.Relativeclausescanberestrictiveornon-restrictive,andtheyhavethefollowingdifferences:

1.StructuralDifferences

Examplea):Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.(restrictiverelativeclause)

Exampleb):Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.(non-restrictiverelativeclause)

2.DifferencesinMeaningandFunction

Intermsofmeaning,anon-restrictiverelativeclauseprovidesadditionalinformationabouttheantecedent.Ifremoved,itdoesnotaffecttheoverallmeaningofthemainclause.Ontheotherhand,arestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesandrestrictstheantecedent,makingitanessentialpartoftheantecedent.Ifremoved,itwouldimpacttheoverallmeaningofthemainclause.

Examplec):Ihaveanelderbrotherwhoisateacher.(restrictiverelativeclause)

Exampled):Ihaveanelderbrother,whoisateacher.(non-restrictiverelativeclause)

Thetranslationofrestrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclausesalsodiffers.Generally,arestrictiverelativeclauseistranslatedasapossessiveadjectiveoftheantecedent,whileanon-restrictiverelativeclauseisusuallytranslatedasacoordinateclauseofthemainclause.

3.DifferencesintheContentoftheAntecedent

Mostrestrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclauseshaveanantecedentthatisasinglewordorphrase.However,inspecialcases,theantecedentofanon-restrictiverelativeclausecanbetheentiremainclauseorsomepartofit,inwhichcasethenon-restrictiverelativeclauseisoftenintroducedbywhich.

Examplee):Afour-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.(non-restrictiverelativeclause)

一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。（令人惊讶的是“一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语”这件事，先行词为整个主句，所以应由which引导非限制性定语从句。）

4.关系词使用上的区别

4.1在