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定语从句的用法总结
SummaryoftheUsageofRelativeClauses
Cheatingisanactofdishonestythatcanleadtoseriousconsequences.
Thebasicstructureofarelativeclauseis:antecedent+relativepronounorrelativeadverb+theclauseitself.Relativeclausescanberestrictiveornon-restrictive,andtheyhavethefollowingdifferences:
1.StructuralDifferences
Examplea):Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.(restrictiverelativeclause)
Exampleb):Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.(non-restrictiverelativeclause)
2.DifferencesinMeaningandFunction
Intermsofmeaning,anon-restrictiverelativeclauseprovidesadditionalinformationabouttheantecedent.Ifremoved,itdoesnotaffecttheoverallmeaningofthemainclause.Ontheotherhand,arestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesandrestrictstheantecedent,makingitanessentialpartoftheantecedent.Ifremoved,itwouldimpacttheoverallmeaningofthemainclause.
Examplec):Ihaveanelderbrotherwhoisateacher.(restrictiverelativeclause)
Exampled):Ihaveanelderbrother,whoisateacher.(non-restrictiverelativeclause)
Thetranslationofrestrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclausesalsodiffers.Generally,arestrictiverelativeclauseistranslatedasapossessiveadjectiveoftheantecedent,whileanon-restrictiverelativeclauseisusuallytranslatedasacoordinateclauseofthemainclause.
3.DifferencesintheContentoftheAntecedent
Mostrestrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclauseshaveanantecedentthatisasinglewordorphrase.However,inspecialcases,theantecedentofanon-restrictiverelativeclausecanbetheentiremainclauseorsomepartofit,inwhichcasethenon-restrictiverelativeclauseisoftenintroducedbywhich.
Examplee):Afour-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.(non-restrictiverelativeclause)
一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。(令人惊讶的是“一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语”这件事,先行词为整个主句,所以应由which引导非限制性定语从句。)
4.关系词使用上的区别
4.1在
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