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通关微语法1.虚拟条件句(if引导)1.定义:表示与真实情况相反的一种假设或推断2.虚拟语气常见的有if引导的虚拟条件句,以及without、butfor,otherwise,等(1)if引导的虚拟语气现在:从句(过去式/were)主句:should/would/might/could+v.过去:从句(haddone)主句:should/would/might/could+havedone将来:从句:(过去式/were/should+v./weretodo)主句:同“现在”Ifyouhadcomehererealier,thework___________(do)yesterday.Iftheweather_______(be)fine,wewouldgotoShanghai.Theglasswouldbreakifyou_______(drop)it.wouldhavebeendoneweredropped/shoulddrop
2.虚拟条件句的省略和倒装用法:先将if省略,再将从句中的were,should,had,could,would等词提前Ifyouhadcomehereearlier,theworkwouldhasbeendoneyesterday.=Hadyoucomehereearlier,theworkwouldhasbeendoneyesterday.Iftheweatherwerefine,wewouldgotoShanghai.=Weretheweatherfine,wewouldgotoShanghai.Theglasswouldbreakifyoushoulddropit.=Theglasswouldbreakshouldyoudropit.
3.错综时间条件句1.定义:条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,主句指现在或将来,此时根据语境,主从句的时态需要进行相应调整。Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.(过去-现在)Ifheweretoleave,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.(将来-过去)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,he_______(be)betternow.Ifyou________(work)hardthen,youwouldbeintheuniversitynow.ifyouhesitatedthismoment,you____________(suffer)inthefutue.wouldbehadworkedmightsuffer
4.含蓄条件句含义:有时假设的条件不直接通过if从句表现出来,而是通过介词短语,副词,或非谓语动词等形式或上下文暗示来说明1.without/butfor/but/otherwise/or(else)等介词(短语)或副词与现在/将来相反:would/could/might/should+do与过去相反:would/could/might/should+havedone①Withoutyourhelp(ifIhadnthadyourhelp),Iwouldhavefailedtheexamlastweek.②Withoutyourticket,Iwoundntbeabletogototheconcerttomorrow.③Hehesitatedforamoment,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.Butforyourhelp,I______________(make)suchgreatprogressinEnglish.Butforyouradvice,Iwould_____________(fail).couldnthavemadewouldhavefailed
Hedidntcomeyesterday,otherwiseyouwouldhaveseenhim.I_______(be)busyatthattime,otherwiseIwouldhavecalledyou.I___________(give)youmorehe
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