职称英语时体态精讲 2.docVIP

职称英语时体态精讲 2 ??? 所谓“体”，是指动作在过去、现在和将来三个不同时间所处的状态。即：常态、进行或完成。那么就有了过去、现在和将来的常态、过去、现在和将来的进行、过去、现在和将来的完成。注意，“体”所表达的主要是对动作的描述，就“主—系—表”结构而言，因为只用来表达静态的事物，所以不存在进行和完成的问题。我们通过以上例句做进一步的说明： ??? 1．? 主语+系动词+表语 ??? 1）. Tom is a college student.??? Tom was a college student.??? Tom has a college student. ??? 2 ）It is sunny today.??? It was sunny yesterday.??? It has sunny . ??? 2. S +V+O 主语+谓语+宾语??? Tom studies English now.??? Tom is studying English now.??? Tom was studying English at 8:00 yesterday..??? Tom has studied English. ??? 3. S+V 主语+谓语??? Tom studies hard.??? Tom is studiying hard.??? Tom was studying hard before.??? Tom has studied hard ??? 4. S+V+Oi+Od 主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语??? Tom gives me a book.??? Tom is giving me a book.??? Tom was giving me a book at that time.??? Tom gave me a book.??? Tom has given me a book. ??? 5. S+V+O+S 主语+谓语（动词）+宾语+补语??? Tom makes me sad.??? Tom made me sad.??? Tom is making me sad??? Tom has made me sad. ??? 6. S+have+O (主语 +have+ 宾语)??? Tom has many friends.??? Tom had many friends.??? Tom has had many friends. ??? 所谓“态”，是指主被动关系。即动作的执行者和接受者哪个位于动作的前面，动作的执行者位于动作的前面，就构成主动关系。也就是我们前面举的例子。若动作的接受者位于动作的前面，则构成被动态。出现这样不同的语态，是由于表达和强调的需要，或没必要指明动作的执行者。请看例句及语态的变化形式： ??? 一般过去时中的)被动语态??? 被动语态与主动语态在使用上的区别。??? ??? a 。?? ??? 读一读这两个问题并回答。??? Who built this bridge?谁修建的这座桥???? Prisoners of war built this bridge in l942．战俘于1942年建的这座桥。??? When was this bridge built? 桥是什么时候建的???? This bridge was built in l942．桥是1942年建的。?? ??? 在第一个问题中我们想知道是谁建了这座桥，在第二个问题中我们想弄清有关桥的一些情况。因此，第一句使用了主动语态，第二句运用了被动语态。??? ??? 我们也可以讲清是什么人修建的这座桥，用“by十动作执行者”的结构来表示，我们可以说：??? ，This bridge was built by prisoners of war in 1942．这座桥是战俘于1942年修建的。?? b 。????? 仔细地阅读以下几对句子，每对中的第一句话告诉我们‘个人(回答“谁”)，第二句话告诉我们一件事(回答“什么”或“哪一个”)。?? ??? Workmen are building a new road outside my house．(Who)工人们正在我的房子外面修一条新路。??? A new road is being built outside my house．(则，砒)我的房子外面有一条新路在建设之中。??? The newsagent delivers our papers every moming．(Who)每天上午送报人来送我们的报纸。??? ??? Our papers are delivered ev