职称英语时体态精讲 3.docVIP

职称英语时体态精讲 3 ? ??? 二． 时态的构成规律 ??? 英语通过对动词形式的变化来构成不同的时态和语态。主要是使用be和have作为标识，其构成是有规律的。Be的作用是用来构成进行时和被动语态。Have 用来构成完成时。两者合起来与动词可构成完成时的被动语态完成进行时。看例句（以work, follow为例）： ??? 1）be：??? They are working.(现在进行)??? They were working.（过去进行）??????? They will be working.（将来进行）??? They are followed. （现在的被动）??? They are being followed.（现在进行的被动）??? They were being followed.（过去进行的被动）??? They will be being followed.（将来进行的被动） ??? 2) have ??? They have worked.（现在完成）??? They had worked.? （过去完成）??? They will have work.（将来完成） ??? 3) have + be:??? They have been working.（现在完成进行）??? They had been working.? （过去完成进行）??? They will have been working.（将来完成进行）??? The work has been done.?? （现在完成被动）??? The work had been done.??? （过去完成被动）??? The work will have been done. （将来完成被动）??? The work has been being done. (现在完成进行的被动)??? The work had been being done （过去完成进行的被动）???? 三．时态的比较 ??? 1．一般现在时与现在完成时 ??? (1)I come from Shanghai．(上海人)??? I have come from Shanghai．(从上海来) ??? (2)You read very well．(强调能力)??? Youve read very well．(强调一次刚完成的动作) ??? (3)? I forget．(一时想不起来了)????? I have forgotten．(仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了) ?? (4)? The book is written in simple English．(表状态)????? The book has been written in simple English．(表动态，已用英语写成) ?? (5) Every time I see him，hes been reading．(两个动作不可能同时进行)．????? Every time l have seen him，hes been reading．(强调两个动作同时进行) ?? (6) He is gone．(强调状态)He has gone．(强调动作和时间) ?? (7) He wont come till the play begins．(演出开始时)????? He wont come till the play has begun．(戏已开始) ?? (8)AfterI leave school，I11 go to college．(两个动作紧密相接)????? After l have left school，Ill go to college．(强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔) ，?? (9)? It is a long time since I saw you last．??? Its been a long time since Isaw you last 这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语) ?? (10)? Where are you?(在哪儿) Where have you been?(去了哪儿) ??? 2．一般现在时与现在进行时 ??? (1) He works hard．(强调始终如一) He is working hard．(强调现在) ??? (2) What do you do?(干什么工作的) What are you doing?(在干什么) ??? (3) Here comes the bus!(表高兴和欣慰) The bus is coming．(汽车到来的情景) ??? (4) I forget his name