10-绿色核算GREEN ACCOUNTING.ppt

绿色核算GREEN ACCOUNTING 阿瑟 ? 汉森博士 Arthur J. Hanson, O.C., PhD 国民经济核算制度SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (SNA) 为跟踪经济表现 — GDP（国内生产总值）和GNP（国民生产总值）提供基础 Provide basis for tracking economic performance – GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and GNP (Gross National Product) 依靠涉及各个部门的宏观经济模型 Depend on macroeconomic models covering all sectors 问题PROBLEMS GDP衡量所有经济活动，所以即使是污染事件也属于积极贡献 GDP measures all economic activities, so even pollution events contribute positively 不衡量自然资本和社会资本的消耗 Depletion of natural capital and social capital is not measured 虽然GDP和GNP并非旨在衡量真实的社会进步，但却用于了这个目的 GDP GNP were not designed as measures of genuine societal progress but are used for this purpose “环境调整”措施“Environmentally-adjusted” Measures 从卫星核算到国民核算 Satellite Accounts to National Accounts 自然资源的可持续性（水、森林） Natural resource sustainability (water, forests) 物质流动（经济效益） Material flow (eco-efficiency) 污染 Pollution 生态系统退化 Ecosystem degradation 指标体系纳入国家标准 Indicator system incorporated into national measures “绿色GDP” — 对GDP的实际调整，或者联系经济和环境的比喻 “Green GDP” – Actual adjustment of GDP, or as metaphor linking economy and environment 哪些核算标准？Which Accounting Measures? 按照绿色GDP单项指数调整GDP Adjust GDP to a Green GDP single index 与GDP挂钩但不调整GDP Link to GDP but not adjust GDP 基于实物或货币标准的单独计算，作为国民经济核算体制内部的卫星核算体制 Separate calculation based on physical or monetary measure as system of satellite accounts within System of National Accounts 现有经济和可持续经济差距的理论计算 Theoretical calculation of gap between current economy and sustainable economy 作为替代标准的可持续发展新指标，不与GDP挂钩 New sustainable development indicators as an alternative measure not connected to GDP GDP和环境核算GDP and Environmental Accounting 国民经济核算矩阵（荷兰/欧盟）NAMEA (Netherlands/EC)  NAMEA（国民经济核算矩阵，包括环境核算） NAMEA (National Accounts Matrix including Environmental Accounts) 使用排放物质核算，与国民经济核算体制相联系 Uses Physical Accounts of Emissions, linked to System of National Accounts 废水、空气和固体废弃物 Waste water, air and solid wastes 可以吸收其他衡量标准，如环境保护开支、土地使用 Could incorporate other measures such as envir