(毕业设计)-电加热炉控制系统设计.docx

摘要 温度是流程工业中极为常见的热工参数，对它的控制也是过程控制的一个重点。由于加热过程、加热装置特殊结构等具体原因，使得过程对象经常具有大时滞、非线性、难以建立精确数学模型等特点，利用传统的PID控制策略对其进行控制，难以取得理想的控制效果，而应用数字PID控制算法能得到较好的控制效果。本文主要阐述了一种改进型的加热炉对象及其工艺流程，采用了PLC控制装置设计了控制系统，使加热炉的恒温及点火实现了自动控制，从而使加热炉实现了全自动化的控制。此种加热炉可广泛应用于铝厂、钢厂等金属冶炼、金属加工行业以及化工行业。 此设计以工业中的电加热炉为原型，以实验室中的电加热炉为实际的被控对象，采用PID控制算法对其温度进行控制。提出了一种适合电加热炉对象特点的控制算法，并以PLC 为核心，组成电加热炉自适应控制系统，其控制精度，可靠性，稳定性指标均远高于常规仪表组成的系统。关键词：温度；电加热炉；PLC；控制系统Control System Design of Boiler ABSTRACTTemperature is a very popular parameter of pyrology in flow industry，so temperature control is an emphases of process control.Considering some special condition such as heating mechanism and the special structure of heater there are often some features such as long time lag，nonlinearity and difficulties of modeling of targets of process.Its difficult to control very well by traditional PID algorithm，the Digital PID control algorithm can get better control effect.This article described a type of imp roved regenerative heating furnace, whichmakes the temperature invariable and auto ignition using PLC. It can be available inaluminum and steelmill and other metal industry, which can bring obvious economicand social benefits.The industrial design of the prototype electric oven to laboratory electric furnace of the real object, PID control algorithm for temperature control.The paper presents a target for electric furnace characteristics of control algorithms, and PLC as the core to form the furnace adaptive control system. Control accuracy, reliability and stability indicators are much higher than the system which is consisted of the conventional instrument, thedesign uses PID algorithm to control its temperature.Keyword: Temperature；heating furnace；PLC；control system 目录摘要IABSTRACTII第一章 绪论11.1选题的背景及意义11.2加热炉控制研究现状21.3本设计的主要工作及技术路线31.3.1主要工作31.3.2本论文的技术路线4第二章 控制方案确定52.1控制对象的数学模型及仿真52.2 电加热炉控制系统分析:102.3控制系统的控制过程112.3.1 温度--流量串级控制系统112.3.2 液位-流量串级控制系统112.4 控制系统主要特色12第三章 PLC 控制系统硬件设计及仪表选型143.1系统特性分析143.2 PROFIBUS 现场总线介绍143.3电加热炉PLC系统结构15