大卫休谟.ppt

DAVID HUME大衛休謨 Philosoher, Economist, Writer Concluding Remarks: Hume’s Political Philosophy and Influence on Contemporary Thought 結論: 休謨的政治哲學及其對當代思想的影響 By Dr. Anjan K. Nath Department of Foreign Languages and Literature Tunghai University, Taichung: Taiwan January 5, 2008 東海大學哲學系教授俞懿嫻中譯 David Hume David Hume 1: David Hume (April 26, 1711 – August 25, 1776)[1] was a Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian. 休謨生於1711年到1776年，是蘇格蘭的哲學家、經濟學家和史學家 2: He is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment. 他被視為是西方哲學史和蘇格蘭啟蒙運動最重要的人物 Although in recent years interest in Humes work has centred on his philosophical writing, it was as a historian that he first gained recognition and respect. 雖然近來對於休謨著作的興趣集中在他的哲學著作，但他原是以史學家著名的。 His The History of England was the standard work on English history for sixty or seventy years. 六七十年內，他的《英格蘭史》是英國史的標準著作 Overview 概說 Hume was the first great philosopher of the modern era to carve out a thoroughly naturalistic philosophy. 休謨是第一個發展完整自然主義的現代偉大的哲學家 This philosophy partly consisted in the rejection of the historically prevalent conception of human minds as being miniature versions of the Divine mind; a notion Edward Craig has entitled the ‘Image of God’ doctrine. 他的哲學部分在於反對歷史上以人心為神聖心靈的縮小版---Edward Craig 稱之為「神之影像」的學說---的盛行概念 Overview 概說 This doctrine was associated with a trust in the powers of human reason and insight into reality, which powers possessed God’s certification. 這學說連結相信人類理性的力量且能洞察真際，是得到上帝的認證。 Overview 概說 Hume’s scepticism came in his rejection of this ‘insight ideal’, and the (usually rationalistic) confidence derived from it that the world is as we represent it. Instead, the best we can do is to apply the best explanatory and empirical principles available to the investigation of human mental phenomena, issuing in a quasi-Newtonian project, Humes ‘Science of Man.’ 休謨的懷疑論駁斥這「洞查理想」的說法，該說認為世界是我們的理性所呈現的。他認為我們能做的，作好不過是應用探討人類心靈現象可得的最好的解釋的、經驗的原理，發展一種類似牛