第四章国际经济环境市场营销学.ppt

Chapter 4 Economic Environment Goals Ss should (1) learn functions and member countries of some influential international economic organizations and regional cooperation organizations (2) be able to analyze economic environment factors in different countries. 2.2 世界经济环境 国际贸易和国际金融体系 国际性经济组织 区域性经济合作组织 GATT created as an agency to serve as watchdog over world trade and provide a process to reduce tariffs GATT also provided a mechanism to resolve trade disputes bilaterally It sets many rules governing trade between its 150 members WTO provides a panel of experts to hear and rule on trade disputes between members, and, unlike GATT, issues binding decisions IMF was created to assist nations in becoming and remaining economically viable It assists countries that seek capital for economic development and restructuring IMF loans come with stipulations that borrowing countries slash spending and impose controls to curb inflation It helps maintain stability in the world financial markets lending money to countries to finance development projects in education, health, and infrastructure; providing assistance for projects to the poorest developing countries; lending directly to the private sector in developing countries with long-term loans, equity investments, and other financial assistance; provide investors with investment guarantees against “noncommercial risk,” so developing countries will attract FDI; and provide conciliation and arbitration of disputes between governments and foreign investors environmental concerns worker exploitation and domestic job losses cultural extinction higher oil prices, and diminished sovereignty of nations Economic Compatibility (similar economic systems) Political Compatibility (similar political systems) Cultural Compatibility Geographic factors Weakness in some must be balanced by strengths in others Homework 1 20国集团，又称G20，是世界最具影响力的一个国际经济合作论坛，宗旨是为推动已工业化的发达国家和新兴市场国家之间就实质性问题进行开放及有建设性的讨论和研究，以寻求合作并促进国际金融稳定和经济的持续增长。该集团的GDP占全球经济的90