语言学之LanguageChange.ppt

Chapter 7  Language change ;SOHO 在家上班族（Small Office/Home Office） netizen 泛指一般的网民 telethon 长时间连续电视广播节目（马拉松式电视节目） waterboarding 水刑(模拟被溺死的感觉） staycation 居家旅游；宅度假;webisode 网络剧集，网络视频短片 flash mob 快闪族，是一群互不相识的，透过因特网互相约定在指定时间和地点蚁合，然后完全做出一些无意义的四肢行为，例如拍手掌、叫标语等。 green-collar 绿领，指从事环境卫生、环境保护、农业科研、护林绿化等行业以及那些喜欢把户外、山野作为梦想的人们。绿领们虽然寄情于山水之间，但要享受顶级绿领生活，就要具备一些蓝领的体魄、白领的知识，这样，绿领们才能通过蓝天、白云和金色阳光创造出绿色的生活。 horizontally challenged （平行受挑战的）体胖的 ;;Major periods in the history of English;linguistic change of English (loss, addition, change) Sound change 语音变化 Morphological change 形态变化 Syntactic change句法变化 Semantic change 语义变化 Lexical change 词汇变化 ; Sound/phonological change: systematic; regular pattern of pronunciation changes ? a) Vowel sound change? Great Vowel Shift, which occurred at the end of the Middle English period, approximately between 1400 and 1600 and which involved 7 long vowels, led to one of the major disagreements between the pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English. ; ; ;It is possible to see a regular pattern of pronunciation change throughout the language;b) Sound loss Some sounds in English have simply disappeared from the general pronunciation of English. the voiceless velar fricative / x / nicht /nixt/ night sorh /sorx/ sorrow /k/ sound in /kn - / clusters in the word initial position knight“ [nait] knee [ni:] Another sound loss is the deletion of a word-final vowel segment, a phenomenon called apocope(词尾脱落) /na:m? / / neim/ /l Q v?/ /l Q v/;c) Sound addition Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis（插音 ）. For example: ??????emty???→???? empty ?????? glimse?→???glimpse spinle → spindle timer → timber;;;;Some recent change