英美概况——英国政府系统.ppt

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4. British Government System How a nation is administered? Highlights Cultural Nouns Constitutional Monarchy The British Constitution General Election British Parliament The House of Commons The House of Lords Constitutional Monarchy A Constitutional Monarchy is a type of government in which a monarch shares governmental powers with elected legislatures or serves mainly as a ceremonial leader of the government. Constitutional Monarchy Such can be found in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, New Zealand, Japan, Thailand, United Kingdom, etc, in which the monarch is the head of state, but a directly- or indirectly-elected prime minister is head of government. The present Monarchy in Britain— Queen Elizabeth II The King or Queen is the personification of the State Elizabeth II (1952--present) Queen’s status A symbol of British culture, tradition and way of life, of the spirit of the Commonwealth, representing the nation’s hope, ideals and its historical past. Queen’s functions The Queen is informed and consulted on every aspect of national life. She is also involves in the day-today workings of government, such as holding meetings of the Privy Council, summoning and dissolving Parliament, confirming major public appointments, declaring war, recognizing foreign states and concluding treaties. Conferring honors, is part of her job. In practice, she acts only on the advice of her Ministers, and must be completely impartial. Although all official documents must bear the initials OHMS (On Her Majesty’s Service). “The Queen reigns, but she does not rule.” UK Constitution---An uniqueness No written constitution in Britain. Before 1066, the Anglo-Saxon kings consulted the Great Council before taking major decisions. 1066-1215, Kings ruled alone. 1215, King John was forced to signed the Magna Carta (the Great Charter). 1264, the first Parliament of nobles met. The UK Constitution 1688, the first constitutional

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