LeanProductionSystem外文文献.ppt

增值Vs.非增值Value Added Vs. Non Value Added 增值是指改变产品的基本性质,如: 过度生产的浪费Overproduction 改正的浪费Correction Definition: Rework of a Product or Service to Meet Customer Requirements 改正的浪费Correction Definition: Any movement of material that does not directly support a lean system. 动作的浪费Waste of Motion Definition 定义: Any movement of people or machines which does not contribute value to the product or service. 任何对生产和服务没有带来价值的人员或机器的运动。 动作的浪费Waste of Motion Characteristics 特点: Looking for Tools 寻找工具 Excessive Reaching / Bending 过度伸展/弯腰 Machines / Material Too Far Apart (Walk Time) 机器/材料距离过远（步行的时间） Shuttle Conveyors Between Equipment to Carry Parts 零件在设备间传送带上的来回传送 Extra 揃usy?Movements While Waiting 等候期间的额外“忙乱” 动作 等候的浪费Waste of Waiting Definition: Idle Time That Is Produced When Two Dependent Variables Are Not Fully Synchronized. 等候的浪费Waste of Waiting Characteristics 特点: Person Waiting for Machine 人员等候机器 Machine Waiting for the Person 机器等候人员 One Person Waiting for Another Person 一个人等候另一个人 Unbalanced Operations (Work) 不平衡的操作（工作） Unplanned Equipment Downtime 计划外停机 库存的浪费Waste of Inventory Definition: Any supply in excess of process requirements necessary to produce goods. 库存的浪费Waste of Inventory Characteristics 特点: Extra Space on Receiving Dock 在进货仓库中占据额外的空间 Stagnated Material Flow 物流停滞 Massive Rework Campaigns When Problems Surface 当出现问题时，不得不进行大规模的返工 Requires Additional Material Handling Resources (People, Equipment, Racks, Storage, Space / Systems) 要求更多的材料处理资源(人力、设备、货架、仓库、空间/系统) Slow Response to Changes in Customer Demands 对客户要求的改变反应迟缓 过程的浪费Waste of Processing DEFINITION: Effort which adds no value to a product or service. Enhancements which are transparent to the customers, or work which could be combined with another process. 过程的浪费Waste of Processing Causes 原因: Engineering Changes Without Process Changes 工艺过程没有随着工程的更改而改变 New Technology Used in Other Processes 在其他工艺过程中使用了新技术 Decision Making at Inappropriate Levels 在不适当的层次上制定的决策 Ineffective Policies and Procedures 无效的政策