米赛斯论人类社会英汉对照.pdf

米赛斯，《人的行为》，第8 章 人类社会* 8.1 Human Cooperation 8.1 人类的合作 Society is concerted action, cooperation. Society is the 社会是和谐的行为，是合作。社会 outcome of conscious and purposeful behavior. 是自觉和有目的行为的结果。 This does not mean that individuals have concluded 这并不意味着，个人通过缔结契约 contracts by virtue of which they have founded human 而建立了人类社会。带来社会合作，并 society. The actions which have brought about social cooperation and daily bring it about anew do not aim at 使社会合作每日重新开始的行为，仅仅 anything else than cooperation and coadjuvancy with 是为了通过与他人合作和协作来达到 others for the attainment of definite singular ends. The 各自的目的。这些和谐的行为所导致的 total complex of the mutual relations created by such 相互关系合起来被称作社会。社会用协 concerted actions is called society. It substitutes collaboration for the--at least conceivable--isolated life 作取代了（可以想象的）个人的孤立生 of individuals. Society is division of labor and 活。社会是劳动的分工和联合。人，从 combination of labor. In his capacity as an acting 有目的采取行动的动物，变成了社会动 animal man becomes a social animal. 物。 Individual man is born into a socially organized 单个的人，一生下来就处于社会环 environment. In this sense alone we may accept the 境之中。仅仅在这个意义上，我们可以 saying that society is--logically or historically--antecedent to the individual. In every other 说，在逻辑上和历史上，先有社会，后 sense this dictum is either empty or nonsensical. The 有个人。然而，在其他任何意义上，这 individual lives and acts within society. But society is 个说法要么是空洞的，要么是荒谬的。 nothing but the combination of individuals for 的确，个人生活在社会之中。但是，社 cooperative effort. It exists nowhere else than in the actions of individual men. It is a delusion to search for 会只不过是以合作的方式付出努力的 it outside