《管理学》课件英文版Chapter 18 FOUNDATIONS OF CONTROL.ppt

18- 计划与控制的联系 计划与控制是一个问题的两个方面。 基本观点： 一切有效的控制方法就是计划方法或计划本身。 控制的目的就是因为要实现目标和计划。 控制职能使管理工作成为一个闭路系统，成为一个连续的过程。 ? Prentice Hall, 2002 Chapter 18 FOUNDATIONS OF CONTROL ? Prentice Hall, 2002 18-* Learning Objectives You should learn to: Define control Describe the three approaches to control Explain why control is important Describe the control process Distinguish among the three types of control Describe the qualities of an effective control system ? Prentice Hall, 2002 18-* Learning Objectives (cont.) You should learn to: Discuss the contingency factors that influence the design of an organization’s control system Identify how controls need to be adjusted for cultural differences Explain how three contemporary issues - workplace privacy, employee theft, and workplace violence - affect control ? Prentice Hall, 2002 18-* What Is Control? Control the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and of correcting significant deviations（显著偏差） control systems are judged in terms of how well they facilitate goal achievement market control - emphasizes the use of external market mechanisms to establish standards of performance useful where products and services are distinct useful where marketplace competition is considerable divisions turned into profit centers and judged by the percentage of total corporate profits each contributes ? Prentice Hall, 2002 18-* What Is Control? (cont.) Control bureaucratic control - emphasizes organizational authority relies on administrative rules, procedures, and policies depends on standardization of activities, well-defined job descriptions, and other administrative mechanisms clan control - behavior regulated by shared values, traditions, and other aspects of organizational culture dependent on individual and group to identify expected behaviors and performance measures found where teams are common and technology changes often ? Prentice Hall, 2002 18-* Why Is Control Important? Control is the Fina