基于单片机的电阻炉温控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 在现代工业生产中，人们需要对各类加热炉、 反应炉和锅炉中的温度进行检测和控制。为适应这一需要有必要设计一个性能良好、 操作方便的温度控制系统。课题主要设计一个水温测控系统 ，控制锅炉中水的温度，选择合适的控制规律，使锅炉中水的温度按预定规律变化，并且能够进行越限报警。可通过键盘 ，显示电路设定目标温度和参数。控制系统按功能分主要包括温度传感器模块、温度显示/设定模块、温度控制模块、单片机与上位机通信模块。系统可通过键盘对电阻炉水温以及恒温时间长短进行预设，单片机根据当前炉内温度和预设温度，根据设定的算法计算出控制量，根据控制量通过PWM控制固态继电器的导通和关闭从而控制电阻丝的导通时间，以实现对炉温的控制。另外通过单片机的串口与上位机通信，通过上位机软件实时显示当前温度和历史温度并且绘制出温度曲线，让系统的可读性更强，实现了远程监测的功能[2]。 关键词：电阻炉，温度曲线，PWM，上位机  Abstract The project is mainly about designing a water temperature monitoring system to control the water temperature in the boiler, and choosing proper control rules to make water temperature in the boiler change within the predetermined path, with the function of alerting temperature rising limit. Through the keyboard and display, we can set the goal temp. and other parameters. Control system, according to the functions, includes temperature sensor module, the temperature display / setting module, a temperature control module, MCU and host computer communication module. System can preset the resistance furnace temperature and heating time through the keyboard. Single-chip microcomputer, according to the furnace temperature and preset temperature and the set of algorithms, calculates the volume control, and according to the control volume, using the PWM control solid state relay to switch on and off so as to control the resistance wire conduction time in order to achieve temperature control. In addition through the serial port of MCU and host computer communication, through the PC software, the device can fulfill the real-time display of current temperature and temperature history and draw out the temperature curve, making the system more readable, realizing the remote monitoring function. Key words: STC89C52, DS18B20, PWM, PC 目录 摘 要 ..I Abstract II 目录 III 1 绪论 1 1.1 选题意义 1 1.2 国内外发展趋势 1 1.3 系统的主要性能指标 2 1.4 主要工作任务 2 2 系统方案选择和工作原理 2 2.1 系统综述 2 2.2各模块电路的方案选择及论证 3 2.2.1 系统硬件总框图 3 2.2.2主机控制模块 4 2.2.3温度控制模块 4 2.2.4温度采集模块 5 2.2.5显示模块 5 2.2.6上位机软件 6 2.3系统各模块的最终方案 6 3 系统硬