[高校科研学术英文论文写作规范教学课件]梁How_to_Write_the_Abstract.ppt

A GLOBAL GAME ACADEMICALLY Publish or perish? WHY PUBLISH? We are judged by our peers in the scientific community, not by our acumen in esoteric diagnosis, and certainly not by how we look or smell, but on what we publish. — the old Chinese sage many centuries ago THE STATUS QUO Required to publish Knowing far more what to write than how to write Frustrated by inadequate linguistic competence Inhibited, to a great extent, by the fossilization of the English language THE TWO KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING Clarity Economy IMRAD INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION THE LOGIC OF IMRAD 1. What question (problem) was studied? - The answer is the Introduction. 2. How was the problem studied? - The answer is the Method. 3. What are the findings? - The answer is the Results. 4. What do these findings mean? - The answer is the Discussion. KEY WORDS miniature target journal single/structured abbreviations acronyms self-contained references literature figures and tables stock phrases THE REVIEWER’S/EDITORS JUDGMENT Decided by readying the Abstract alone THE POTENTIAL READER Reading the abstract before deciding whether to read the full paper THE DEFINITION OF THE ABSTRACT It is a miniature version of the paper. PLACEMENTS OF THE ABSTRACT In the primary journals: - The target journal 2. In the secondary services: - Biological Abstracts - Chemical Abstracts - or one of the other secondary publications TWO TYPES OF ABSTRACTS 1. Informative - to condense the full paper - as a “heading” in the primary journals - often without change in the second services 2. Indicative or Descriptive - in review papers, conference reports, the government report literature, etc. TWO FORMS OF ABSTRACTS 1. Abstracts of a single paragraph. 2. “Structured” abstracts consisting of a few brief paragraphs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Meta-Analysis of the Studies Assessing