基于单片机的汽车倒车雷达预警系统的设计.doc

本科学生毕业设计 基于单片机的汽车倒车雷达 预警系统的设计 院系名称： 专业班级： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 职 称： 黑 龙 江 工 程 学 院 二○一二年六月 The Graduation Design for Bachelors Degree Design of Car Reversing Radar Warning System Based on Single Chip Computer Candidate： Specialty：Measurement Control Technology and Instrumentations Class： Supervisor： Heilongjiang Institute of Technology 2012-06·Harbin  摘 要 近年来，我国的汽车数量正在逐年增加。在公路、街道、停车场、车库等拥挤、狭窄的地方倒车时，驾驶员既要前瞻，又要后顾，稍微不小心就会发生追尾事故。因此，增加汽车的后视能力，研制汽车后部探测障碍物的倒车雷达便成为近些年来的研究热点。为此，设计了以单片机为核心，利用超声波实现无接触测距的倒车雷达系统。工作时，超声波发射器不断发射出一系列连续脉冲，给测量逻辑电路提供一个短脉冲。最后由信号处理装置对接收的信号依据时间差进行处理，自动计算出车与障碍物之间的距离。目前，国内外一般的超声波测距仪，其理想的测量距离为1m~5m，因此大都用于汽车倒车雷达等近距离测距中。本文根据声波在空气中传播发射原理，以超声波换能器为接口部件，设计了基于单片机的超声波测距器。该设计由超声波发射模块、超声波接收模块、单片机控制模块、数据显示模块以及报警模块等部分组成，文中详细介绍了测距器的硬件组成、检测原理、方法以及软件结构。超声波接收电路使用SONY公司的CX20106A红外检测专用芯片，该芯片常用于38kHz的检波电路，文中通过对芯片内部电路的仔细分析，设计出能够成功对40kHz超声波检波的硬件电路，使用LCD显示目标物的距离。 超声波；测距；雷达；CX20106A； ABSTRACT In recent years, the number of cars is increasing every year in China. Highways streets, parking,garage and other crowded places narrow reverse, the driver should not only forward but also looking back, a little rear-end careless accidents car occur. So after the increase of motor vehicle as the ability to detect obstacle on the development of the car revering radar has become the research hotspot in recent years. the ultrasonic transmitter continuously emits a series of consecutive pulses to the measurement of logic circuits to provide a short pulse. Finally, signal processing devices based on the received signal for processing the time difference, automatic calculation of turnout and the distance between obstacles. Ultrasonic Ranging simple, low cost, easy production, but the transmission speed by a larger weather can not be precise range; In addition, the ultrasonic energy and the attenuation is directly proportional to the square of the distance, the farther the distance, the lower sensitivity and thus Ultrasonic Ranging way so that only apply