简单句和并列句.doc

年 级 初一 学 科 英语 内容标题 简单句和并列句。 编稿老师 李艳 【本讲教育信息】 一、教学内容： 简单句和并列句。 二、教学难点： 1、句子成分和句式 2、并列连词的使用。 三、具体内容： 初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。 （一）句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接，间接）宾补、定语和状语。 主语和谓语是句子主体部分（一般句子必须有主谓），表语、宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部分。定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 1、主语： We study in No.1 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. To teach them English is my job. 2、谓语：主要用动词，主谓要一致，谓语在主语后面。 His parents are doctors. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English. 3、表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词的形容词或短语来担任。 You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now. 4、宾语：动作的承受者。 He has a pen. They give me a book. 5、宾补：补充说明宾语的成分。 He made me happy. I asked him not to play in the street. 6、定语：补充说明一个名词 He made a paper flower. She is a woman teacher. 7、状语：在句中表示时间、地点、原因、方式等 He lives in Shanghai. Mary went there yesterday. （二）其中句子可以分为以下五种： ① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night. ② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday. ③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy, tell, give, ask, pass, teach. ④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. ⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring. 在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。 要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. （三）在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点： ① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又跳舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。 ② 有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good. My glasses are broken. ④ 有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here. 这样的词还有 police, 如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen ⑤ 所有不定代词 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody,