句子成分及类型讲解(含动词讲解).doc

动词的分类，句子的分类，句子的成分 一．动词分类 ?主要动词 行为动词 不及物动词 laugh / smlie / look / listen 及物动词 see / hear / drank / eat 连系动词 be (am is are was were) / seem / keep 是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) become / turn / get / grow 变得 ?辅助动词 助动词 be (am / is /are / was / were) do / does / did have / has / had will / shall / be going to 情态动词 can / may / must / shall / need could / should / would / might have (has) to / had better 1.行为动词 及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / … I saw him last week. 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / … She smiled happily. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She look at the blackboard carefully. ?不及物动词 主谓结构（SV） =主语+谓语动词 The woman walks slowly. ?及物动词 1. 主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语 He plays computer games every day. ?有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了： 1.他们放风筝。They fly the kites. 2.风筝在天上飞。The kites fly in the sky. 2.主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 She teaches us. She teaches us English. She teaches English. 可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand She lent me a book.也可以改为 to sb. 的句式 She lent a book to me. 3.主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语 Our teacher asks us to read English every day. 可以用于这种句式的动词主要有: ?let / make/have sb. do sth.　 ?ask / tell / want / allow / wish / get / expect / encourage / invite / teach sb. to do sth. ?find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth. ?help sb. (to) do sth. hope和welcome 比较特殊－－我们可以说: 　I hope to visit your school. 　I hope that you can visit our school. 　I wish you to visit our school. 　Welcome to visit our school. 　You are welcome to visit our school. 　Welcome to our school. 但不可以说：I hope / welcome you to vi