英语四级语法(基础)1.ppt

英语四级语法（基础） 鲍珉璋 (Leo) bmz_cn@ 英语四级语法（基础） 英语句子的拆分： This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the special demands that a government wants to make of its scientific departments can not be predicted in detail. 英语译群的基本形式： 主谓宾结构：主语（名词）+谓语（动词）+宾语（名词） 例句： I speak English. 主谓修饰结构：主语（名词）+谓语（动词）+修饰语（形容词，副词，状语，被动态等） 例句： He looks cool. Tom runs fast. He stayed at home. I was beaten. 英语句子的组成 英语的复合句都是由数个短意群组成的： You are the girl who I’m looking for. 谓语以及非谓语 Finishing the homework, Tom wanted to watch TV. 动词的时态 一般过去时 动词的变化1：+ed Ex. They watched that movie yesterday. 动词的变化2：+ied Ex. try ? tried 动词的变化3：不规则变化 Ex. is ? was 一般现在时 第三人称单数： +s 结尾是s,x,sh,ch的话，+es 表示规律发生的动作： Tom reads newspaper every night. 表示客观规律： The sun rises from the east. 进行时： 动词变化：be + 动词现在分词（+ing） 现在进行时: They are having a picnic. 过去进行时： They were having a picnic. 完成时： 动词变化：have (had) + 动词过去分词 现在完成时： I have finished my homework so that I can play football now. 过去完成时： I had finished my homework until my mother came back. 意群的类型： 主谓宾结构： I speak English. 主谓(修)结构： Tom runs fast. 冠词： a, an, the: At same time, educational researchers have come up with innovative teaching strategies for kids. 修饰语： （形容词与副词） 形容词： There is still a new subject. There is something new. 副词： The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five years. 修饰语：副词 副词修饰动词： He can take photos very well. 副词修饰形容词： Your English is extremely good. 副词修饰副词： I push the door very hard. 短译群中的修饰语（介宾结构） One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to judge behavior by states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature and so on. 短译群中的修饰语（介宾结构） The role of natural selection in evolution was studied only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individu