构词法用法详解.doc

构 词 法 构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法和缩略法四种。掌握构词法是迅速扩大词汇量的重要方法之一。第一节 合成法一、合成名词1、名词／代词＋名词：woman-doctor, women-doctors, workshop, spaceship, he-goat, coal fire, motorcycle, gas cooker, oil well, power plant, silk worm, gold mine, bottleneck, piano keys, telephone receiver, television screen, chairman, fireman, motorman, police-officer, postman, pine tree, girl friend, boy friend, goldfish, raindrop, birdcage, breakfast time, flowerbed, tearoom, 2、动词＋名词：blowpipe, flashlight, watchdog, call-girl, searchlight3、形容词＋名词：blacksmith, blackboard, supermarket, superman, darkroom, blackbird, highchair, hothouse, greenhouse, madman4、动名词＋名词：reading-room, sitting-room, classroom, schoolroom, dining room, building materials, dancing girl, cleaning women, flying machine, washing machine, working conditions, boilding point, drinking water, swimming pool, drinking cup, typing paper, writing desk, sewing machine, walking stick, 5、名词＋动名词：machine-building, shoe-making, paper-correcting, book-keeping, dressmaking, letter-writing, story-telling, town-planning, handwriting, sun-bathing, horse riding, churchgoing, daydreaming6、动词＋副词：stand-by, take-off, cut-off, breakdown7、副词＋名词：downfall, rainfall, outhouse8、现在分词＋名词：running dog, running water, flying fish, rising sun, burning stick, 9、名词＋介词＋名词：man-of-war, editor-in-chief, 10、名词＋连词字母＋名词：handiwork, nowadays11、介词／副词＋名词：afternoon, inland, overbalance二、合成形容词1、形容词＋名词＋ed：five-storeyed, one-eyed, double-faced, blue-eyed, 2、名词＋名词＋ed：honey-mouthed, 3、名词／代词＋分词：man-made, heart-broken, self-educated, snow-covered, man-eating, peace-loving, paper-making, ocean-going, heartfelt, handmade, home-made, sunburnt, weather-beaten4、名词／代词＋形容词：color-blind, ice-cool, seasick, airsick, tax-free, grass-green, snow-white, rock-hard, sea-green5、形容词／数词＋名词：full-time, high-grade, second-hand, 6、形容词／数词＋分词：ready-made, sleepy-looking, good-looking, 7、副词＋分词：far-reaching, so-called, hard-working, far-reaching, well-meaning, newly-laid, well-meant, wide-spr