基于单片机的步进电机升降频控制.doc

基于单片机的步进电机升降频控制 摘 要 步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件单片机AT89C5步进电机Step Motor Based on Single Chip Frequency Control ABSTRACT Stepper motor is the electric pulse signals into angular displacement or linear displacement of the open-loop control components. Automatic control system is the most commonly used open-loop implementation of components, so its reliability during operation is very important. So in the process of starting and stopping the motor and associated equipment according to the mechanical properties of the design of appropriate lift curve, or easy to appear out of step and stall, resulting in adverse or starting position control is not accurate. The best single chip stepper motor controller, as it easy to control, flexible programming features, according to different characteristics of the motor and load down the process of designing appropriate, so that smooth precise stepping motor movement. The design is to design a system to debug the motor movements for different frequency curve, and this curve broadly in line with exponential curve. We split the curve into one of the ladder, through the microcontroller timer to control the pulse, through the code disc to set aside the frequency to rise, let the motor run for a ladder of a ladder, and it seems that people can judge by listening to this rise speed the process of step phenomena without blocking, by changing the lift curve of the software to easily adapt to different motor and load.  KEY WORDS: SCM AT89C51, stepper motor, acceleration and deceleration control, timer, dial encoder 目　录 前　言 1 第1章 步进电机的介绍 2 1.1 步进电机的结构及原理 2 1.1.1 步进电机的内部结构 2 1.1.2 步进电机旋转原理 2 1.2 步进电机的性能参数 3 1.2.1 步进电机的技术参数 3 1.2.2 步进电机主要指标 3 第2章 步进电机控制原理 5 2.1 步进电机概述 5 2.1.1 步进电机的控制及分类 5 2.1.2 步进电机的失步现象和过冲现象 6 2.1.3 步进电机的升降频曲线 6 第3章 方案的论证 8 3.1 方案论述 8 第4章 设计系统的硬件构成及控制 10 4.1 系统设计原理 10 4.1.1 控制系统 10 4.1.2 硬件原理图 13 4.2 拨码盘 14 4.2.1 拨码盘的原理及简介 14 4.2.2 拨码盘的硬件电路 15 4.3 电机硬件接口 16 4.4 开关控制电路及晶振电路 17 4.4.1 开关电路 17 4.4.2 晶振电路 18 第5章 步进电机控制程序