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Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 12
Motivation and Work
Motivation
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes
and directs behavior
Instinct
complex behavior that is rigidly
patterned throughout a species
and is unlearned
Motivation
Drive-Reduction Theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an
aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates
an organism to satisfy the need
Need Drive-reducing
Drive
(e.g., for behaviors
(hunger, thirst)
food, water) (eating, drinking)
Motivation
Homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balanced or
constant internal state
regulation of any aspect of body
chemistry around a particular level
Incentive
a positive or negative environmental
stimulus that motivates behavior
Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
Self-actualization needs
Need to live up to one’s begins at the
fullest and unique potential
base with
Esteem needs physiological
Need for self-esteem,
achievement, competence, needs that must
and independence; need for
recognition and respect from others first be satisfied
Belongingness and love needs then higher-level
Need to love and be loved, to belong
and be accepted; need to avoid safety needs
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