西方文化(英文).ppt

Cultural Achievement (1) Philosophy Stoicism 斯多葛学派 virtue is sufficient for happiness a sage was immune to misfortune. Cicero divine providence(天道）; morality; duty Universe was rational and reason had to be the basis for society and law. Marcus Tullius Cicero A man of courage is also full of faith. A home without books is a body without soul.  According to the law of nature it is only fair that no one should become richer through damages and injuries suffered by another. Lucretius: poet and philosopher On the Nature of Things Matter is eternal The universe is made up of atoms and the void Death is nothing to us. It’s only the natural fulfillment of life. A rational and proportional enjoyment of life is all that matters. Sorrow and anxiety come from but an ignorant emotionalism. (2) History Roman Historians: Sallust and Livy History of Rome Concerns for justice and morality (3) Literature Virgil (October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC) was a classical Roman poet, best known for three major works—the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the Aeneid. Horace: lyric poet and critic, famous for his poetic forms. Book of Satires, Odes and Epistles (4) Architecture The architecture of ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind. They were more utilitarian and showed an interest in grandeur and scale. They constructed many public edifices which still existed today and became the famous key point of interest for the world. the Basilicas 最初是市政厅，最后成为天主教堂的主要建筑风格 The Colosseum(罗马斗兽场,圆形大剧场） Baths of Diocletian Romans used the arch, the vault and the dome, and discovered how to make concrete. These styles still have impact on modern architecture. （5）Sculpture and painting well-preserved figures paintings were typically colorful and decorative wall paintings, mosaic ceiling and floor work Education Boys: Roman law, customs, and physical training to prepare for eventual recruitment into the Roman