基于51单片机的电机转速测量与显示系统设计.doc

摘 要 单片机又称单片微控制器（MC），它把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。随着电子技术的迅猛发展，单片机技术也有了长足的发展，目前单片机渗透到我们生活的各个领域，几乎很难找到哪个领域没有单片机的踪迹，导弹的导航装置，飞机上各种仪表的控制，计算机的网络通讯与数据传输，工业自动化过程的实时控制和数据处理，广泛使用的各种智能IC卡，民用豪华轿车的安全保障系统，录象机、摄象机、全自动洗衣机的控制，以及程控玩具、电子宠物等等，这些都离不开单片机。 各种电机在工业得到广泛应用，为了能方便的对电机进行控制、监视、调速，有必要对电机的转速进行测量，从而提高自动化程度。转速是工程上一个常用参数。转速测量的方法很多，采用光电开关管测量转速是较为常用的测量方法。 在本系统设计中，我们以51单片机为核心控制单元，以红外对管（或称光/电，电/光二极管?）为传感器，通过光电传感器实时采集电机转速并进行处理与显示， 设计出一个电动机转速测量系统,并研究其测量精度、测量范围及响应速度.程序设计部分分为初始化模块、脉冲计数模块、计时模块、参数调整模块和显示模块.最后通过试验测试,得到了相应的技术参数,并对转速测量系统的误差进行了分析.要求设计的系统稳定可靠、抗干扰能力强、成本低，使用方便。 关键词：计算机应用单片机直流电机转速 Abstract Single-chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller (MC), it is a computer system integrated into a chip. It’s small size, light weight, cheap, for the learning, application and development of facilities provided. With the rapid development of electronic technology, single-chip technology has grown by leaps and bounds, the current single-chip microcomputer to infiltrate all areas of our lives, which is very difficult to find the area of almost no traces of single-chip, the missiles navigation devices, aircraft a variety of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, real-time process control and data processing, are widely used in a variety of smart IC card, limousine civilian security systems, video recorders, cameras, all Automatic washing machine control, as well as program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the single-chip microcomputer. A variety of motor is widely used in industry, in order to facilitate the conduct of motor control, monitoring, speed control, it is necessary to measure motor speed, thereby enhancing the degree of automation. Speed is a commonly used engineering parameters. A lot of speed measurement using photoelectric switch speed measurement is more commonly used measurement method. During the system design, we have 51 single-chip microcomputer as the core contr