第二十八章 地方病 (哈医大《流行病学》).ppt

谢 谢 ！ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 地区分布 时间分布 人群分布 Geographical distribution Temporal distribution Population distribution 二、流行特征 Epidemiology feature * IDD是世界上分布最广、受威胁人口最多的一种地方病 IDD is the worlds most widely distributed endemic disease, and the largest population are under it’s threat. 地区分布（Regional distribution） * 流行较重 亚洲的喜马拉雅山区 欧洲的阿尔卑斯和比里牛斯山区 南美的安第斯山区 非洲的刚果河流域 大洋洲的巴布亚新几内亚 北美洲的五大湖盆地 Epidemic seriously Himalayan regions in Asia Alps and Pyrenees in Europe Andes in South America Congo River Basin in Africa Papua New Guinea in Oceania Great Lakes in North America 地区分布（Regional distribution） 全球共有22亿人口（占全世界人口的38%）生活在缺碘地区 A total of 220 million people worldwide (accounting for 38% of the worlds population) live in iodine-deficient regions. 我国是世界上IDD分布广泛、病情严重的国家之一,主要流行 特征是山区多于平原，内陆多于沿海，乡村多于城市 China is one of the countries where IDD have been widely distributed and severely prevalent, the main epidemiologic feature is that mountains are more than plains, inland more than coastal, rural more than urban. 地区分布（Regional distribution） 图28-2 世界碘缺乏病波及的国家 表28-2 1994、2000年度中国碘缺乏病范围例数Table 28-2 Scope and cases of IDD in China for1994 and 2000 时间分布 (Time distribution) 流行地区的人群任何年龄均可发病 People of any age in endemic areas can be ill. 5岁以下儿童发病较少，一般在青春发育期开始发病，随着年龄 患病率 ， 40岁以后逐渐 Children under 5 years of age have a low incidence of IDD, generally beginning at puberty. Prevalence increases with age, but prevalence decreases after 40 years of age with age. 人群分布 (Population distribution) 愈是病情严重的地区，甲状腺肿发病的年龄愈早 The more serious condition of the area, the earlier the age of goiter. 10岁以前男女患病率无显著差异 There is no significant difference in the prevalence between boys and girls before the age of 10. 成人患病率女性男性,但重病区患病率性别差异小 Adult prevalence rate of women is more than men, but gender differences in the prevalence of serious