基于单片机的步进电机毕业设计.doc

基于单片机的步进电机是一种完成数字/模拟转换的执行元件。步进电机区别于其他控制用途电动机的最大特点是步进电机接收数字控制信号（电脉冲信号），并将这些脉冲信号转换成与之相对应的角位移或直线位移。Stepping Motor based on single chip frequency control system ABSTRACT Stepper motor is a complete digital / analog conversion of the implementation of the components. Stepper motor control is different from the other most prominent feature is the use of motors: stepper motor to receive digital control signals (electrical pulses), and these pulse signals into corresponding angular displacement or linear displacement.  Stepper motors as actuators of a distinctive feature is the ability to fast starts and stops, if the load does not exceed the dynamic provided by the stepper motor torque value, will be able to moment between the stepper motor to start or stop switch. General, not into the stepper motor speed of 200 to 1000 steps / sec. If the stepping motor to gradually accelerate to top speed, and then gradually slow to zero means work, even if the stepping rate increased by 1 ~ 2 times and still not lose a step. In order to smooth stepper motor to start, run and eventually stopped, the system uses software control of the lift-frequency method, set the data area of a motor of the lift curve describes the use of the contents of the data area can easily change the characteristics of different motor and load, testing the best fit of the curve. Driving the step motor in the shortest possible time to rise to higher output torque specified speed, thereby enhancing the processing efficiency. KEY WORDS: stepping motor, lift curves, software control  目　录 前　言 1 第1章 步进电机工作原理 2 1.1 步进电机的分类 2 1.2 步进电机的各项参数指标 3 1.3 步进电机控制系统组成 5 1.4 步进电机工作原理 6 第2章 步进电机硬件设计 8 2.1 控制方案的确定 8 2.2 所用芯片的选择 8 2.2.1 CPU选择 8 2.2.2 地址锁存器 10 2.2.3 I/O扩展 10 2.2.4 显示接口 12 2.2.5 数据存储器扩展 12 2.2.6 程序存储器扩展 13 2.3 单片机控制步进电机硬件原理图 14 第3章 软件设计 15 3.1 主程序流程 15 3.2 升降频子程序流程 16 3.3 走一步子程序流程 17 3.4 系统运行程序及分析 18 结　论 28 谢 辞 29 参考文献 30 附　录 31 外文资料翻译 32  前　言 步进电动机已成为除直流电动机和交流电动机以外的第三类电动机。传统电动机作为机电能量转换装置，在人类的生产和生活进入电气化