简易航模直流电机调速系统设计.doc

PAGE 摘 要 随着当今世界科技的迅速发展，电动遥控模型的技术进步也十分迅速。其最具革命性的突破就是采用无刷电机作为高效的动力系统。由此使电动遥控航模进入到一个完全可以与燃油发动机航模媲美的崭新时代。 无刷直流电机是近年来发展起来的一种新型电机，它利用电子换向取代传统直流电机的机械换向，既具有直流电机的良好调速性能，又具有异步电机结构简单、运行可靠等优点。随着对无刷直流电机及其控制系统研究的不断深入，无刷直流电机在许多领域得到了广泛的应用。所以，在航模领域，用无刷电机代替传统的有刷电机之所以已成必然。首先，无刷电机运用于航模领域，优点确实突出。其次，无刷电机工作效率很高，一般的有刷电机工作效率在50％60％；而无刷电机的工作效率通常都不低于80％。因此获得同样的功率，无刷电机就比传统的有刷电机体积小、重量轻。无刷电机工作时没有碳刷电机那样的火花干扰，也不存在碳刷磨损，因此采用无刷电机更有利于远距离遥控，且使用寿命长，基本无需维护。 本论文针对动力系统中的无刷电机调速进行研究，详细论述了该控制器所涉及到的关键技术，接着以AT89S51单片机为核心设计了硬件系统，采用C语言完成对控制软件设计。 关键词：传感器；直流无刷电动机；单片机控制；PID；PWM Abstract With the rapid development of technology, electric remote controlled model and the development of technological progress very rapidly．Its most revolutionary breakthrough is the adoption of a brushless DC motor with a high efficiency of the dynamic systems .Consequently electric remote．controlled model aircraft entered a new era completely better than fuel engine model aircraft． The brushless DC motor (BLDCM)is a newly developed type of motor which replaces the mechanical commutation by the electric commutation．It has the merits of both the good speed control performance of the Brush DC motor and the simple structure of the asynchronous motor．With the research development on BLDCM and its control system．the BLDCM has been widely applied in industry especially in electric vehicle(EV)field in which the BLDCM has become the preferred motor．So, in the area of the model with brushless motors instead of the traditional motor has become inevitable. Firstly, the model used in the field of brushless motors advantage is obvious．Secondly, the high efficiency brushless motor，the general efficiency of a motor brush in the 50％ t0 60％, while the efficiency of brushless motor is usually not less than 80％．So get the same power, brushless motor smaller and lighter than the traditional motors．Brushless motor does not work as sparks interference nor Brush wear ,therefore more conducive to a brushless motor remote control，and long service lire, and bas