毕业设计（论文）基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计.doc

基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计 摘要 步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，即给电机加一个脉冲信号，电机则转过一个步距角。这一线性关系的存在，加上步进电机只有周期性频率来实现步进电机的调速，因为步进电机每给一个脉冲就的误差而无累积误差等特点。使得在速度、位置等控制领域用步进电机来控制变的非常的简单。步进电机的调速一般是改变输入步进电机的脉冲的转动一个固定的角度，这样就可以通过控制步进电机的一个脉冲到下一个脉冲的时间间隔来改变脉冲的频率，延时的长短来具体控制步进角来改变电机的转速，从而实现步进电机的调速。步进电动机由于用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行，因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。 本文介绍的是一种基于单片机的步进电机的系统设计，用汇编语言编写出电机的正转、反转、加速、减速、停止程序，通过单片机、电机的驱动芯片ULN2004以及相应的按键实现以上功能，并且步进电机的工作状态要用相应的发光二极管显示出来。同时，本文内容介绍了步进电机以及单片机原理、该系统的硬件电路、程序组成，同时对软、硬件进行了调试，同时介绍了调试过程中出现的问题以及解决问题的方法。该设计具有思路明确、可靠性高、稳定性强等特点，通过调试实现了上述功能。 关键词：步进电机；脉宽调制；驱动机构；单片机 Control System Design of Stepper Motor Based Upon Singlechip Abstract Stepper motor is the ring opening gating element changing electricity pulse signal into angular displacement or line displacement. Under the situation of must overload, the electric motor rotation rate, discontinuous location depend on pulse signal frequency and pulse number only, make free from being loaded with the effect changing, but be that being added a pulse signal, the electric motor by electric motor is to have rotated a step spur angle. This gleam of the sexual relationships existence, adds stepper motor characteristics such as only having the cyclicity error but there being no accumulative error. Feasible simplicity controlling a field using stepper motor to come to control changeable extraordinary in speed, location etc. Stepper motor speed regulation general be change import stepper motor pulse frequency come true stepper motor speed regulation, because of stepper motor every be given to a pulse right away rotate one fixed angle, such right away not bad pass under the control of stepper motor a pulse arrive at next pulse period come to change pulse frequency, come to control the speed regulation, realizing stepper motor thereby to come to change the electric motor rotation rate step-by-step angle concretely the deferred length. The open-loop system which is composed by