工业政策在一个联邦结构国家产业政策的美国文献翻译.doc

(2011 届） 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 原文： BEFORE INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN A FEDERALSTRUCTURE: STATEINDUSTRIAL POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES Considering stateindustrial policyeflforts directly, let me say something about the scope and limits of the national initiatives that currently frame them. I abstract initially from fiscal concerns —ie.，whether there is any money to do that which is proposed — and only look at content. THE CLINTONIAN VIEW OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY The new Democrats11 of the Clinton administration came to power on the promise of delivering an economic policy different from the ?tax and spend and regulate” policies alleged of old-style Democrats. Whether they can deliver on that promise in a way that preserves discernible differences between Democratic and Republican economic policy is anyones guess. The purported distinction from past policies on which this promise rests goes something like this. Under old Democratic views，direct government regulation of prices and other conditions of market entry, the use of government purchasing power to subsidize favored economic practices, the redistribution of income on the basis of need rather than contribution, and other efforts to alter the terms and conditions of economic reward were acceptable means of promoting the general welfare?” The ”new，1 Democratic view holds that such policies are generally pointless，self-defeating, or malign. They generate excessive bureaucracies, inappropriately substitute government judgment for market judgment，are insufficiently attentive to labor supply effects，or otherwise presume greater government capacity to shape the economy than is warranted. Of the many reasons offered for this change of view, the most basic concerns a fundamental change in thestructureof the U.S. economy itself.A generation ago，the story goes, the U.S. operated as an essentially closed domestic system. In that context， effective government control of the domestic economy was indeed possible.Now， however, the U.S. operates