本科毕业论文__光伏发电跟踪系统的设计.doc

光伏发电跟踪系统的设计 摘要 太阳能作为一种可以永续使用的绿色可再生能源，有着巨大的开发应用潜力。但由于光伏电池的输出特性与外界环境因素的变化有很大关系，目前大规模量产的光伏电池光电转换效率仍然不高且价格昂贵降低发电成本 本文首先分析了太阳运行规律，在对比目前常用跟踪方法的基础上，采用光电检测方式为主，并与视日运动轨迹追踪方式相结合的跟踪策略，改进了以往的跟踪方式。使系统不仅能在晴天下追踪太阳，阴天情况下也能正常追踪。此外，为了确保跟踪的结果准确，在方位角和高度角调整之后，增加了一组传感器电路进行跟踪结果的验证。 通过对控制系统所实现的功能分析，论文完成了跟踪系统的硬件和软件设计。主要内容包括：单片机接口电路设计、显示电路、光强检测电路设计、控制执行部件设计以及光电跟踪和视日运动轨迹跟踪模块的软件设计。最后还根据实际情况提出了改进方案和处理快云遮问题的新方法。 本文所设计的光伏发电自动跟踪系统结构简单，成本低廉，运行稳定，可广泛应用于并网和离网光伏发电系统。 关键词　光伏发电；跟踪系统；光电检测；单片机 Design of Photovoltaic Automatic Tracking System Abstract The solar energy has an enormous developing application capacity as one kind of green renewable energy source which can be continuously used forever. But爐here?cis?tremendous?relationship燽etween爌hotovoltaic燾ells?ppaoutput?characteristicsand爐he燾hange爋f爀xternal爀nvironmental?one kfactors, currently the efficiency of PV cells is not only low but also expensive on燼爈arge爏cale爋f production. The photovoltaic automatically tracking device can raise the solar energy utilization rate and bring down the cost of the solar electrical energy generation. Precise solar tracking mechanism can make solar panel receive more r际情况提adiant energy and increase generating capacity. This paper makes use of cheap photo sensors and MCU circuit to realize the function of sun tracking. Analyzed the law of the sun, compared the current tracking methods, Proposed electro-optical tracking as the major tracking mode while the sun trajectory tracking mode as additional tracking mode on unusual weather conditions，improved the previous tracking mode in the paper. Through two complementary tracking modes, on the one hand, electro-optical tracking can give full play to the advantages of high accuracy; on the other hand, the system can still achieve tracking on cloudy weather conditions. In addition, In order to guarantee that the track result is accurate, after azimuth and elevation angle adjustment, increased a group of sensor electric circuit to carry on the track result confirmation. Through th