基于MCS-51单片机控制直流无刷电动机.doc

基于MCS-51单片机控制直流无刷电动机 摘 要 直流无刷电机是同步电机的一种，由电动机本体、位置传感器和电子开关线路三部分组成。其定子绕组一般制成多相（三相、四相、五相不等），转子由永久磁钢按一定极对数（2p=2,4,…）组成。电机转子的转速受电机定子旋转磁场的速度及转子极数(P)影响： N=120．f / P。在转子极数固定情况下，改变定子旋转磁场的频率就可以改变转子的转速。直流无刷电机即是将同步电机加上电子式控制(驱动器)，控制定子旋转磁场的频率并将电机转子的转速回授至控制中心反复校正，以期达到接近直流电机特性的方式。也就是说直流无刷电机能够在额定负载范围内当负载变化时仍可以控制电机转子维持一定的转速。MCS-51单片机是美国英特尔公司生产的一系列单片机的总称，是一种集成电路芯片，采用超大规模技术把具有数据处理能力的微处理器（CPU）、随机存储器（RAM）、只读存储器（ROM）、输入输出接口电路、定时计算器、串行通信口、脉宽调制电路、A/D转换器等电路集成到一块半导体硅片上，这些电路能在软件的控制下准确、迅速、高效地完成程序设计者事先规定的任务。 本论文将介绍基于MCS-51单片机控制直流无刷电动机的设计，它可以实现控制直流无刷电动机的启动、停止、急停、正反转、加减速等功能。 关键词：单片机，直流无刷电动机，控制系统 BASED ON THE MCS - 51 SINGLECHIP MICROCOMPUTER CONTROL BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR ABSTRACT Brushless dc motor is a kind of synchronous motor, the motor ontology, and position sensors and electronic switch line 3 parts. The stator winding into general multiphase (three-phase, four, five phase), rotor surface-mounted according to the certain by permanent extremely logarithm (system 2p = 2,4-diflooronitrohenzene,...). Composition. The speed of the motor rotor rotating magnetic field by the speed of the motor stator and rotor polar number (P) : N = f/P j. In a fixed number of rotor stator circumstance, change the frequency of rotating magnetic rotor speed can be changed. Brushless dc motor is synchronous motor drive and control (electronic), a rotating magnetic field frequency control stator and rotor motor speed feedback to the control center, in order to achieve and correction of dc motor characteristics. Namely brushless dc motor for rated load in range when the load change still can control motor rotor maintain speed. MCS-51 SCM is the Intel company manufactures A range of MCU, is an integrated circuit chips, using the technology with large scale data processing ability of microprocessor (CPU), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), input/output interface circuit and timing calculator, serial communication, pulse width modulation circuit, A/D converters to A semiconductor silicon integrated c