基于PLC的太阳运动双轴跟踪系统.doc

毕 业 论 文 专业班级： 姓 名： 指导教师： 二零一零年六月 基于PLC的太阳运动双轴跟踪系统 的设计 内容摘要 目前，全世界范围内都面临着能源紧缺问题，所以积极开发利用新能源就变得愈发重要了。太阳能是一种具有开发潜能的能源，但目前太阳能的利用率不高20%。理论分析表明，37.7％太阳跟踪装置成为国内外学者研究的热点。PLC的太阳能双轴跟踪系统，使光伏模块能实时跟踪太阳光照，从而最大限度的获得太阳能。 系统硬件方面，主要选用SIEMENS 公司的可编程控制器PLC S7-200系列，PLC输入/输出端口的配置，光电接收器，信号处理单元和控制电路电源的设计；系统选用两台42BYGH型步进电机及SH2024A步进电机驱动器。在硬件设计部分，还对PLC控制模块、步进电机，光电感应器的相关工作原理、硬件结构、实现功能，以及相关选型加以说明。 系统软件的设计，本文在STEP 7-Micro/WIN 32编程软件平台上完成了系统的主程序模块、步进电机脉冲控制模块、步进电机运动方向控制模块以及其他相关功能模块的软件设计工作。 最后，对软硬件进行调试，实现了最初的设计构想，证实本文设计的跟踪控制系统的研究思路、控制方法、软硬件设计均是确实可行的。系统具有结构简单、运行平稳、跟踪精度高、稳定性高等特点。 关键词：太阳能；跟踪系统；PLC；步进电机；光敏传感器；太阳运行轨迹 Abstract At present, we are facing the problem that the energy is shortage, so it becomes increasingly important that a positive development and utilization of new energy sources . Solar energy is a kind of ideal development potential of renewable energy, but solar energy is not utilized, currently solar energy conversion rate is less than 20%. analysis shows that the tracking and fixed-point type of solar power devices compared to the receiving rate of increase of energy 37.7%, so the Sun-tracking device are becomeing a hot researching scholars. Therefore, this paper proposes a programmable controller based on PLCs solar-axis tracking system that allows real-time tracking solar photovoltaic module to light, so as to maximize access to solar energy. The hardware part of the system, we have choosed the SIEMENS PLC S7-200 programmable controller series, PLC input / output port configuration, optical receiver, signal processing unit and control circuit power supply design; we have two 42BYGH type stepping motor and SH2024A stepper motor drive in the system. In the hardware design part, PLC control module, stepper motor, photoelectric sensors related works, the hardware structure、achieved function, and the selection are be relevanted. The software part of the system , in this paper ,we will design the main