基于单片机实现的数字温湿度检控器的硬件设计.doc

摘 要 随着科学技术的日新月异，人类社会取得了长足的进步，在居家生活、工农业生产、气象、环保、国防、科研、航天等部门，经常需要对环境中的温度和湿度进行测量和控制。本设计设计了一个智能化的温湿度测量应用系统。 本系统采用成熟的DHT11作为测量湿度的传感器，采用精度高的DS18B20作为温度传感器，控制芯片采用技术成熟，功能强大，价位低廉大众化的宏晶STC89C52单片机。DHT11数字温湿度传感器是一款含有已校准数字信号输出的温湿度复合传感器，它应用专用的数字模块采集技术和温湿度传感器技术，确保产品具有极高的可靠性和卓越的长期稳定性，传感器包括一个电阻式感湿元件和一个NTC测温元件，温度信号由“一线总线”数字化温度传感器DS18B20进行检测，DS18B20的测温范围是-55℃～+125℃，可以程序设定9～12位的分辨率。并与一个高性能8位单片机相连接，每个DHT11传感器都在精确的湿度较验箱中进行校准，校准系数以程序的形式储存在OTP内存中，传感器内部在检测信号的处理过程要调用这些校准系数。单线制串行接口，使系统集成变得简易快捷。DS1302是一种高性能、低功耗带RAM的时时钟芯片，可以对年、月、日、周、时、分、秒进行计时。LCD12864显示电路，发光报警，继电器电路都由STC89C52单片机控制。为了提高系统的抗干扰性能，对湿度，温度的检测采用了硬件抗干扰和软件抗干扰的综合方法。最后设计了系统各个功能部分的软件程序。 由本设计课题做成的温湿度检测系统结构简单、价格便宜、量程宽，具有较高的可靠性、安全性及实用性。 关键字:STC89C52,DS18B20, DS1302, RHT11,温湿度控制 ABSTRACT With the rapid development of science and technology, human society has achieved great progress! In the life that occupy the home, industry, agriculture, national defense, environmental protection and scientific research departments, such as aerospace, often need to the environment humidity and temperature measurement and control. The design of an intelligent humidity measuring the application systems. The system adopts the technology DHT11 and DS18B20 as measuring the humidity and temperature sensor. temperature signal from the bus line digital temperature sensor DS18B20 provided, DS18B20 in -55℃～+125 ℃ range resolution of the inherent temperature 0.5 ℃.Control system chip adopt mature technology, powerful, price cheap popular STC89C52.Each DHT11 sensors are accurate calibration of humidity in calibration. In the form of calibration coefficient of the program memory, OTP store in the sensor signal detection in the internal process to call this calibration factor. Wire system, system integration serial interface becomes easy.DS1302 is a chip with read access memory which can accurate time such as year, month, week and day. LCD12864 display circuit and light alarm circuit controlled by STC89C52. The system can be designed to provide a stable working vol