基于单片机的烟雾报警器设计.doc

基于单片机的烟雾报警器设计 摘 要 随着社会和经济的发展，防火工作越来越重要，但是目前国内的许多研发都侧重于大型场所的火灾报警。因此，我们就有必要研制一种结构简单、经济实用的家庭烟雾报警器以适应市场的需求。基于供家庭使用的烟雾报警器应该具备的基本要求和功能，文章设计了一种比较适合的烟雾报警器。 本设计以传感器和单片机作为烟雾报警器设计的核心器件，配合其它器件即可实现声光报警、自动排烟换气和消防灭火等功能。设计中单片机选用AT89C51作为控制器件，传感器选用QM-N5型气体传感器实现对烟雾的检测。烟雾报警器主要由烟雾信号采集及前置放大电路、模数转换电路、单片机控制电路、显示电路、声光报警电路和安全保护电路构成，设计合理、简单易懂、价格低廉，使单片机在烟雾报警系统的控制中得到充分应用，具有一定的实用价值。论文主要针对烟雾报警系统中的各个组成部分及功能进行了详细的介绍和说明，并对其主控电路和外围设备电路之间的接口连接方式，以及系统软件设计进行了重点的分析和讲解。 关键词：烟雾报警器；单片机；传感器  Design of Smoke Alarm Based on Microcontroller Abstract With the development of social and economic，the prevention of fire are more and more important.However, in the present, most of research and development of fire alarm systems only focus on large sites. Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple, economical and practical family Smoke Alarm to meet the market demand. Taking both the basic requirement and the function of family Smoke Alarms should have into account, thesis designs a suitable smoke alarm for household using. Which the sensor and the microcontroller of the design is the most important part of alarm devices, with other devices can achieve alarming with sound and light, automatically reducing smoke and fighting fire ,etc. IN design, microcontroller used AT89C51 and select QM-N5 Gas Sensor to detect smoke. Smoke alarm mainly by the signal acquired circuit, A/D converted circuit, MCU controlled circuit,displayed circuit and alarming with sound and light circuit,reasonable design, simple structure, easy to use, inexpensive. As a result, the microcontroller in the control of the smoke alarm system is fully applied. Therefore, this design about smoke alarm has practical value. Thesis give detailed introduction for the function and theory of the various component parts of the alarm system, focus on the interface technology between its main controlled circuit and peripheral circuit, also give explanation of the software . Key words ：Smoke Alarm;MCU; sensor