小议虚拟语气.docVIP

虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（用在条件从句和让步状语从句中）；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等（用在名词性从句中）。下面我们分以下五种情况来讲述虚拟语气的用法。 一．虚拟语气在if引导的条件从句中的用法。 表示与事实情况相反 条件从句维语形式 主句谓语形式 与现在事实相反 过去式(be常用were) would/should/could/might+do 与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had done) would/should/could/might+have done 与将来事实相反 ①过去式(be常用were) ②should+do ③were to do would/should/could/might+do e.g 1. If I were you, I would go at once. 2. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 3. If it should rain tomorrow. The meeting would be put off. 注意： 当if 条件从句谓语中有were, should, had时，可省略if, 把were, should, had提到句首，采用倒装。 e.g 1. If I were you, I would agree to the plan. Were I you, I would agree to the plan. 2. If I had known more about giving first aid, I would have helped them. Had I known more about giving first aid, I would have helped them. 3. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. Should it rain , the crops would be saved. 含蓄条件句 有时if条件句是以其他形式表示出来的，如上下文或介词短语形式等，常见的词有but for(要不是), without, otherwise… e.g 1. But for you, I should be dead by now. 2. Without your help we couldn’t have finished the job yesterday. 3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (三)条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同，那么主从句谓语就依据相应的时间，使用相应的谓语。 e.g 1. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now. 2. If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now. 3. If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today. 二．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 （）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 ★虚拟语气在某些动词后的宾语从句中，常使用(should) +do .常见的动词有：一个坚持（insist）;两个命令(order, command)；三条建议(advice, suggest, propose); 五项要求(demand, require, request, want, ask). e.g 1．I suggest we (should0 hold a meeting tomorrow. 2. We insisted that she (should) go with us. ※ insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气。 insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即(should) +do insist表示“坚持认为、坚持说”时，用陈述语气suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式即(should) +do suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。 e.g 1. The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 2. His expression suggested that he