伺服电机运行控制器的设计_毕业设计(论文).docx

重庆邮电大学移通学院毕业设计（论文）设计（论文）题目：伺服电机运行控制器的设计单位（系别）：自动化学生姓名：专业：电气工程与自动化班级：学号：指导教师：答辩组负责人：摘要步进电机是最常见的一种电机，作为一种数字伺服执行元件，能与控制芯片相结合成伺服控制系统；具有良好的随动性，能够实现精准控制，在现代控制领域中具有不可替代的作用。步进电机控制系统主要由步进控制器，功率放大器及步进电机等组成。采用单片机控制，用软件代替上述步进控制器，使得线路简单，成本低，可靠性大大增加。软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来控制各种步进电机的运行方式。本设计首先介绍了步进电机、AT89C52单片机、L297和L298N驱动电路的基本原理与功能；其次，设计步进电机实现起停、转向、速度控制方案；再次，在这些器件功能与特点的基础上，拟出设计思路，构建系统的总体框架；最后利用PROTEL软件绘出电路图，同时写出设计系统的运行流程和相关程序。本设计主要思想是以AT89C52单片机为控制核心，L297和L298N作为驱动芯片。通过单片机内部的定时器改变CP脉冲的频率时间对步进电机的转速控制，实现电机调速与正反转功能，并将电机所处的状态用数码管显示出来。【关键词】伺服步进电机单片机 AT89C52ABSTRACTStepper motor is one of the most common motors. As a digital servo actuators, it can be combined with a control chip into the servo control system; with the good follow—up, it can realize the precise control and hold an irreplaceable role in modern control domain. Stepper motor control system is mainly composed of stepping controller, power amplifier and the stepper motor, etc. Controlled by single chip microcomputer, using software instead of the above step controller, makes the circuit simple, low cost and reliability is greatly increased. Software programming can flexibly produce different types of stepper motor excitation sequence to control the operation of various kinds of stepper motor.This design first introduced the principle and function of the stepper motor, AT89C52 singlechip microcomputer, L297 and L298N drive circuit; Second, design the scheme of start-stop, steering and speed, position control of stepper motor; Once again, on the basis of these devices’ functions and characteristics, draw up the design idea and build the systems overall framework; Finally using PROTEL software draw circuit diagram, at the same time write a design system operation process and related procedures. The main idea of the design is based on AT89C52 single chip microcomputer as control core, chip L297 and L298 as a driver. Through single chip microcomputer internal timers to alter the frequency of CP pulses time stepping motor speed c